Benton v. . Collins
24 S.E. 122
N.C.
1896
Check Treatment
Montgomery, J.:

Subdivision I. of Section 261 of The Code¡ which provides for the joinder of several causes of action where they all arise out of “ the same transaction, or trаnsactions connected with the same subjects of action ” in the same complaint, has with us given rise to very many difficulties in its praсtical application, as it has in all the States which have adopted a similar provision in their Codes of procedurе. Ashe, J., in Young v. Young, 81 N. C., 91, said for the Court: “ While it was the object of the Legislature by adopting Section 126 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code, Sec. 267) to avoid a multiplicity of suits and prevent protracted and vexatious litigation, the first subdivision of the section has given rise to more unprofitable litigation and fine-spun disquisitions upon its construction than any other, not excepting Section 343 (Code, Sec. 590). In Land Co. v. Beatty, 69 N. C., 329, Rodman, J., delivering the opinion оf the Court, ‍​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‍said in reference to the same subdivision, “ It is difficult to give any exact meaning to that clause.” It is admitted almost generally to be quite an impossibility to give a technical meaning to such words and phrases as “ transaction,” “ transactions connected with the same subject of action,” and the *199 like expressions. In the earlier cases of Logan v. Wallace, 76 N. C., 416, and Doughty v. Railroad, 78 N. C., 22, it was broadly stated that a canse of action founded on a tort. could not be joined with one fоunded on contract; but in Hodges v. Railroad, 105 N. C., 170, this rule was explained and extended so as to permit such a joinder ‍​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‍of actions, provided they arose out of the same transaction.

In considering the complaint in this action from the view of the demurrer as declaratory of two causes of action, it is to be observed that one of them is for a tort and the other is for an equitable demand and right. Neither оf the causes of action in the complaint is ex contractu. The matter then of the uniting of 'causes of action, one in tort and one ex contractu in the sаme complaint, is not the matter which we are to consider. The only question before ns is, are the two causes of action stated in the complaint such as can be considered as arising out of the same transaction, or transactions connected with the same subject of action. If they ‍​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‍can be consideied as arising out of the same transaction or transactiоns connected with the same subject of action, then there is no objection which could be made to the joinder of a tоrt and an equitable demand which could not of equal force be made to the joinder of an action ex contractu with one for an equitable demand. Taking this proposition to be true, we will find in one of our own decisions analogies that will aid ns in determining the question before us. In Bank v. Harris, 84 N. C., 206, the complaint united a cause of action in debt on a bond with another to have declared void certain deeds for lands alleged to have been made by the debtor to his co-defendants, after the execution of the bond, in fraud of the plaintiff creditor — the cause of action ex con-tractu and one for an equitable demand and relief. A demurrer-was filed assigning the following grounds: 1. *200 Eor that it is not averred that the defendant has not other property liable to execution and sufficient to pay the plaintiff’s demand ; 2. Eor that ir, appears from the face of the complaint that the debt has not been reduced to judgment, so that execution could issue the> efor ; 3. For that there is a misjoinder of distinct and independent сauses of action ; 4. Eor that there is a misjoinder of parties, and there is no community of interest among them in the several impеached assignments. The demurrer was overruled by this Court, and it was decided that it was not then necessary, as formerly, for the creditor tо reduce his debt to judgment and then proceed with his legal remedies before he could invoke the aid of a court of equity in his bеhalf, but that the courts under the present system, being-courts both of law and of equity, would give full relief in one action. The late Chief Justice Smith, delivering the opinion, said: “ Why should a plaintiff be compelled to sue for and recover his debt, and then to bring a new action tо enforce payment out of ‍​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‍his debtor’s property in the very court that ordered the judgment? Why should not full relief be had in one aсtion, when the same court is to be called on to afford it in the second ? The policy of the new practice and onе of its best features is to furnish a complete and final remedy for an aggrieved party in a single court and without needless delay or expense. The demurrer admits the debt, the insolvency of the debtor, his fraudulent contrivances, with the help of others, to place his property beyond the reach of creditors, and secure it for the enjoyment of himself and wife, his large indebtedness still subsisting, and by а fair implication the want of other property which a creditor can reach. These facts would seem to removе all obstacles in the way of the relief .demanded.”

In the case before the Court the defendants, except the *201 trustee, join in the demurrer. By the demurrer it is admitted that the defendant, E. Y. Collins, committed а battery on the plaintiff by both beating and shooting him, for which the plaintiff in law is entitled to recover in any court nominal damages ; that hе made the fraudulent conveyance of his property for the benefit of his wife and children to defeat any recovery thе plaintiff might make against him. It is no objection to the complaint that the defendants, other than E. Y. Collins, are made parties to the action. They, by the deed made professedly for their benefit, claim an interest in the land. “ If the objects of the suit are single and it hаppens that different persons have separate interests in distinct questions that arise out of the single object, it necessarily follows that such different persons must be brought before the court in order that the suit may conclude the whole subject.” Young v. Young, 81 N. C., 91.

Nothing is asked аgainst the defendants, other than E. Y. Collins, in ca=e the deed should be declared void. No property of theirs is sought to be reaсhed, and only the property of the defendant E. Y. Collins is sought to be subjected to any recovery the plaintiff may make. In this case, as in Bank v. Harris, supra, the aid of the court is invoked to remove a cloud upon a title by declaring the deed void, so that the property mаy be sold under the direction of the court, and bidders be induced to give the value for it. Botli grounds of demurrer were sustained by the court bеlow, and the plaintiff appealed from the judgment sustaining the first, and not from the judgment sustaining the second. In our opinion there was error in the ruling of the court sustaining the first ground of demurrer. The plaintiff no doubt will be allowed to amend his complaint so as to strike out that part in which the second ground of *202 demurrer was successfully interposed and ‍​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌​​​​​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​‍to proceed to trial on the other counts.

Error.

FaiRCloth, C. J., dissents.