7 Cow. 701 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1827
The substantial part of the plea is, that the defendant had no goods or chattels of the testator, &c., at the time of the exhibiting of the plaintiff’s
So, in Hewlet v. Framingham, (3 Lev. 28,) the court held a plea oí plene administravit merely, omitting the allegation that the defendant had no goods or chattels, &c., of the testator on the day of suing out the writ, or at any time afterwards, to be bad, on the ground that the allegation of plene administravit merely, related to the time of plea pleaded.
It is true that the form given by Chitty contains both branches of the plea. (2 Chitty’s Pl. 451.) But the replication given by him to the plea takes no notice of the first allegation. It takes issue on the fact of the defendant having goods and chattels, &c, to be administered, at the commencement of the suit. (2 Chitty, 609.) This fact shows, as is observed by Spencer, J., in Fowler v. Sharp, that the material part of the plea is the possession of assets at the commencement of the suit or afterwards.
The replication in this case is in that form; and the issue is to be considered the same as though the words, *“ that the defendant had fully administered,” had been omitted in the plea.
The affirmative allegation, therefore, is made by the plaintiff. The defendant says he had no goods and chattels, &c. The plaintiff replies that he had. The plea is negative, and the replication affirmative; and the-case seems to fall within the general rule of evidence, that the point in issue is to be proved by the party who asserts the
So where a culpable omission or breach of duty is charged, the person who makes the charge is bound to prove it, though it may involve a negative; for every man is presumed to have acted legally, until the contrary is proved; (3 East, 199; 10 East, 216;) though the rule in relation to the game laws seems to be inconsistent with this position. (Vid. The opinion of Story, J., in 2 Grall 499, 500.) Mr. Phillips, in the 2d vol. of his treatise, page 296, says the onus probandi, upon an issue like this, is upon the plaintiff, who ought to prove assets in the possession of the defendant, either before or at the time alleged ; and Starkie ^maintains the same position. (1 Starkie’s Ev. 377; 2 id, 554.)
In Platt v. Robins & Swartwout, (1 John. Cas. 276,) it was held that upon plene administravit, the burthen of proof lay upon the defendant. But what the particular form of the plea or the replication was, does not appear. That case, however, was decided long before Fowler v. Sharp, in which it was, for the first time in this court, established that the
After that decision, I do not see any principle upon which the defendant can be bound to prove the negative allegation, that he had no goods and chattels, &c.
New trial granted.