269 S.W. 71 | Tex. Comm'n App. | 1925
S. R. Eulmore of Travis county and S. E. Tubbs of Dallas county made an exchange of lands whereby Eulmore conveyed for the benefit of Tubbs lands in Travis county and Reagan county and Tubbs conveyed to Fulmore certain lots in the town of Lubbock, Lubbock county. Eulmore assumed the payment of certain outstanding vendor’s lien notes against the Lubbock lots. These notes were owned by W. D. Benson of Stephens county. On November 22, 1921, Benson brought suit in the district court of Lubbock county against Eulmore on his assumption and for a foreclosure of his vendor’s lien, and made R. L. Rather and H. C. Tubbs parties to the suit, alleging that they were claiming some interest in the land. December 12, 1921, Fulmore filed his original answer in the Lubbock county case, pleading general demurrer and general denial. February 15, 1922, Benson filed an amended petition in the Lubbock county case, making S. E. Tubbs a party to that suit. January 30, 1922, Eulmore filed his first amended original answer in the Lubbock county case, alleging that he should not be held on the assumption because his assumption was obtained through the fraud of S. E. Tubbs and filed his cross-action against Benson for a rescission of the assumption and for damages in the sum of $2,500. March 7, 1922, S. E. Tubbs filed waiver of citation in the Lubbock county case. December 10, 1921, Eulmore filed suit in the district court of Travis county against Benson and S. E. Tubbs, alleging fraud on the part of both of them in the exchatage of lands made between Eulmore and Tubbs, and that Tubbs had parted with the title to the land that Fulmore conveyed to him, and asked for damages in the sum of $2,500. February 6, 1922, Eulmore filed his amended petition in the Travis county case, asking for a cancellation of his assumption of the payment of the Benson notes and for damages and for general relief. January 2, 1922, Benson filed his plea of privilege in the
Tbe question now before this court is as to tbe correctness of the order of tbe district court of Travis county in sustaining Benson’s plea in abatement. Tbe Court of Civil Appeals held that tbe plea in abatement was waived and should have been stricken out because it was not filed at or before tbe time tbe plea of privilege was filed, and that there was not sufficient identity ’of causes of action both as to parties and subject-matter to justify tbe sustaining of tbe plea in abatement. After a party has been properly cited to appear in a court of competent jurisdiction, if tbe cause is brought in a county other than that of the residence of tbe defendant, and be prefers to have tbe cause tried in tbe county of bis residence, then he is entitled to have bis plea of privilege passed on before tbe court takes any other action. We understand tbe object of tbe plea of privilege statute to be to give tbe defendant the right to have every phase of tbe case tried in tbe county of bis residence, including a plea in abatement. If tbe trial court bad sustained tbe plea of privilege, then be could not have beard tbe plea in abatement, and it is very probable that tbe defendant would not have filed tbe plea if tbe case bad been transferred to tbe county of his residence. There could certainly be no good purpose served in forcing a defendant to file a plea in a court until after it was determined whether that court Would have tbe right to pass on tbe plea. We think tbe present plea of privilege law supersedes other laws and rules of order of pleading so far as they affect tbe plea of privilege, and that, after a defendant has been properly cited, be is next entitled to have bis plea of privilege determined before be is required to file any other pleadings.
Tbe present trend of authorities seems to be to give a liberal construction to a plea of another suit pending affecting tbe same parties and subject-matter to tbe end that tbe court in wbicb tbe cause is first filed shall try it.
In 1 Cyc. p. 21, we find tbis general statement:
“It is a general principle of tbe law that tbe pendency of a prior suit for tbe same thing, or as is commonly said, for the same cause of action, between tbe same parties in a court of competent jurisdiction, will abate a later suit.”
And in 11 Oyc. p. 985, this other general statement:
“Where two actions between the same parties, on the same subject, and to test tbe same rights, are brought in different courts having concurrent jurisdiction, the court which first acquires jurisdiction, its power being adequate to the administration of complete justice, retains its jurisdiction and may dispose of the whole controversy.”
In the Texas Trunk Ry. Co. v. W. H. Lewis et al., 81 Tex. 8, 16 S. W. 648, 26 Am. St. Rep. 776, Chief Justice Stayton wrote as follows:
“There is a manifest propriety, if not necessity, for holding that the court which first acquires jurisdiction over a controversy should maintain it undisturbed by the interference of any other court of co-ordinate jurisdiction. $ $ *
In Sparks v. National Bank of Commerce et al., 168 S. W. 48, Judge Speer, for tbe Second Court of Civil Appeals, aptly stated our idea of tbe law governing tbis question:
“The facts appear to be undisputed, and the bare question of law is presented whether or not a prior suit pending between the same parties, involving the same cause of action, when properly interposed by plea, will abate a subsequent suit. There appears to be some confusion in the authorities upon this question. The cases of Garza v. Piano Co., 126 S. W. 906, and Liberty Milling Co. v. Continental Gin Co., 132 S. W. 856, appear to support the contention of appellee that the doctrine of the common law that a suit pending between parties precludes them from maintaining between themselves another suit on the same cause of action is not the law in Texas. But these authorities are disapproved in the later case of Goggan & Bros. v. Morrison, 163 S. W. 119, and to our minds a return is made to the better rule that such prior suit will abate a subsequent suit. Not only does this rule avoid the evil of a multiplicity of suits between the parties, which the law abhors, but it likewise avoids the possibility of conflicting judgments, thus producing interminable confusion and controversy.”
In Fulmore v. Benson et al., 245 S. W. 124, in tbe injunction feature of tbis case above referred to, Chief Justice Key for tbe Austin Court of Civil Appeals made tbis observation with reference to tbis case:
“As the litigation was first started in the district court of Lubbock county, it seems to us*73 that that court -would have as much, if not more, right to issue an injunction against Ful-more, requiring him to discontinue the prosecution of his suit in Travis county, and set up as a cross-action in that suit the cause of action asserted by him in suit in the district court of Travis county, and therefore we think the district court of Travis county ruled correctly when it refused to interfere in any wise with the proceedings in the district court of Lubbock county.”
In Phillips v. Phillips, 223 S. W. 243, Chief Justice Key for the same court made this statement of the law applicable to this case:
“For the purpose of maintaining orderly procedure and that spirit of comity which should exist between tribunals of equal jurisdiction, when a suit has been commenced in one court and thereafter one of the litigants institutes a suit covering the same subject-matter in another court, the latter court ought to sustain a plea in abatement, when presented for consideration before the court has tried the case.”
In the recent case of Long v. Long, 269 S. W. 207, in a well-considered opinion written by Judge Looney for the Dallas Court of Civil Appeals, we find these statements:
“The decisions of the courts of this state are in confusion on the subject of abatement. Some have held that the doctrine of the common law that a suit pending between parties precludes them from maintaining between themselves another suit involving the same cause of action in courts of equal jurisdiction is not enforced in Texas.”
“The weight of authority, however, and the better view, we think, is in harmony with the common-law doctrine.
“It ought to be manifest that, in order to maintain an orderly procedure, and the spirit of comity that should at all times exist between tribunals of equal jurisdiction, when a suit has been commenced in one court, and thereafter one of the • litigants institutes a suit against his adversary in another court of equal jurisdiction involving the same subject-matter, the latter should sustain a plea in abatement when timely and properly presented for consideration.”
The following cases sustain the above quotations: Camp v. First Nat. Bank of Alpine (Tex. Civ. App.) 195 S. W. 217; Street et al. v. J. I. Case Threshing Machine Co. (Tex. Civ. App.) 188 S. W. 725; Miller & Vider Lumber Co. v. Williamson (Tex. Civ. App.) 164 S. W. 440; Thomas Goggan & Bros. v. Morrison et ux. (Tex. Civ. App.) 163 S. W. 119.
At the time Benson filed his plea in abatement, Fulmore had previously filed his amended answer in the Lubbock county case in which he pleaded that the assumption was not binding on him because he was induced to assume the payment of the notes through the fraud of Tubbs and in his cross-action asked for damages against Benson. This answer of Fulmore raised every issue as. against Benson that was raised by the pleadings of Fulmore in the Travis county case. The mere fact that Fulmore asked for damages in the Travis county case before he did in the Lubbock case, and made Tubbs a party to the suit in Travis county before he was made a party to the suit in Lubbock county, would not deprive Benson of his right, under the facts as stated, to'have his suit to recover on Fulmore’s assumption tried in Lubbock county.
The principal issue between Benson and Fulmore was as to Fulmore’s liability on the assumption, and the Lubbock district court obtained jurisdiction of this issue by the filing of Benson’s suit there. Fulmore could plead as many defenses to his liability on the assumption as he saw proper, but these defenses must be made in the court where recovery against him is sought. The matters of damages and making Tubbs a party were incidental to his defense of fraud to the cause pleaded against him in the Lubbock county case, and he could not avoid the trial of the main issue in the Lubbock court by first pleading these incidental matters in the Travis county court and later pleading his real defense in that court by amendment.
We think .that the trial court properly sustained the plea in abatement, and recommend that the judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals be reversed and that of the trial court affirmed.
The judgment recommended in the report of the Commission of Appeals is adopted, and will be entered as the judgment of the Supremo Court.