| Tenn. | Jun 15, 1901
This is a bill to recover back premiums which were paid by complainants upon a life
The company denied that any such false answers had been written down, but insisted that if mistaken in this, still it would have been estopped by the act of the examiner from relying thereon and would have been bound by the policy, even though the answers were falsely written; that the policy would have been incontestable with the next payment, in any event, so that the complainants had all the while been insured under the policy, and were not injured or likely to be from the incorrect answers.
Proof was taken and the Chancellor held that complainants were entitled to the relief sought, and defendant has appealed and assigned errors.
It is said that the evidence does not justify the decree for the reason that the answers in the written application, signed by the assured, could not. be
We treat this assignment as raising both the question of competency and sufficiency of the assured’s testimony. It was objected to in the Court beJow as incompetent, and the objection was overruled by the Chancellor. If the suit in this case was upon the contract, and in affirmance of the same, the testimony might be properly rejected upon the theory that it seeks to vary the terms of a written contract. But the action in this case is to rescind the contract because it was fraudulently written, and did not state the answers as they were given, nor express the real contract and intention of the parties. In such case parol proof is competent to establish the fraud and admissible to show that the contract as written is not the contract as made by the parties. Bacon on Benefit Societies, Sec. 153; McKenzie v. Planters Ins. Co., 9 Heis., 261; Barnard v. Roane Iron Works, 85 Tenn., 139" court="Tenn." date_filed="1886-10-12" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/barnard-v-roane-iron-co-8298036?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="8298036">85 Tenn., 139.
As to the sufficiency of the proof, it appears that the facts material to be shown are deposed to by only a single witness, the assured himself, and his testimony is directly in conflict with the statements made in the application. As to the latter feature, under the aspect in which the matter is presented, it is not an objection to the testimony that it contradicts" the written application. Indeed, this is the gist of the whole controversy, to wit, that the answers made in the application are not true, and
We know of no rule requiring any number of witnesses to prove a fact such as is set out in this case. It is true the burden is upon the party seeking to impeach the writing, but a preponderance of evidence is all that is required in this, as well as other civil actions. Chapman v. McAdams, 1 Lea, 500; Gage v. Railway Co., 88 Tenn., 726; McBee v. Bowman, 89 Tenn., 133; Stone v. Manning, 103 Tenn., 232" court="Tenn." date_filed="1899-06-02" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/stone-v-manning-8299489?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="8299489">103 Tenn., 232; Gibson’s Suits in Chancery, Sec. 446.
It appears that there is no testimony whatever to contradict that of complainants. The soliciting agent of the company, as well as the medical examiner, were present when the answers were given, and neither one was examined, and this raises a presumption that they would not have contradicted the statement of. the complainant. The case is, in effect, a charge of fraud as against them, and this amounted to a challenge to them to testify. Jackson v. Blanton, 2 Bax., 63; Dunlap v. Haynes, 4 Heis., 476. In the absence of any testimony from them contradicting the statement of the assured, we think the Chancellor was warranted in finding the facts as stated by the complainants.
It is said that the Chancellor erroneously held
We are of opinion that the company, in the event of a loss, could not have defended against the policy, if all the facts could have been developed, as shown in this record. It is true the medical examiner of the company is not a general agent of the company, in the broad sense of the term, but one whose duties are confined to a single feature or department of the business, but in that department he is a general agent. The doctrine is thus stated by Mr. Joyce in his work on insurance, Vol. 1, Sec. 412: ££A medical examiner is an agent with limited powers, but, nevertheless, his acts in and about the business entrusted to his care are binding within the scope of his authority, and, to this extent, the general rules of agency are applicable to
But, while it is true that, upon the facts being fully developed, the company could not have defended against this policy, it is evident the assured was put to a great disadvantage, and possibly it would have been impracticable to develop the facts after the death of the assured. We will suppose
It is next insisted that complainant has been guilty of such laches as must estop him from now insisting upon any relief. Complainant testifies that he had great confidence in the medical examiner, and did not read over the answers after they were written, and he did not know of the fraud practiced upon him until just before the third payment fell due; that he then immediately wrote to the company, calling attention to it, and also called the attention of Dr. Hunt, the medical examiner, to the matter, and inquired of him how it occured, and, when put in possession of the facts, brought suit within two months thereafter.
We think that the suit was brought with sufficient
We think that, whatever might be the rights of third persons growing out of this matter, it does not lie in the mouth of the company, upon the one hand, to confess its fraud, and on the other, to say that you are estopped to rely upon that fraud because you have not more promptly, discovered it. As a matter of common observation, even good business men do not examine the various conditions and statements in their policies as they should, but we think that when the fraud is virtually confessed, and from the very nature of the case must have been premeditated and designed, it would be going too far to hold that because the assured was lulled and misled by his confidence in the agent of the
In this connection it is proper to state that it appears that complainant was debating the propriety of taking the cash value of his policy and surrendering it when he discovered the fraud, and the fraud was discovered in consequence of the examination he was making in order to determine this question. It is also proper to state that, with the next payment of premium, the policy of complainant would have become incontestable for this fraud of the medical examiner, so that complainant, if he had desired, could have continued his policy in full force by making the payment. The record, as we think, discloses the fact that he did not desire to continue the policy, as the premiums were burdensome, and he seized upon the fraud of the examiner as a reason for putting an end to the contract and recovering the premiums he had paid, instead of taking the alternative of cashing the policy for its value.
While this is the situation, and no doubt this was the motive that prompted the assured, still it would not authorize this Court to impose upon him a contract which he has not made and which, by the fraud of the company’s agent, was based upon false premises, and he had the right to repudiate it, ■ and recover back the money paid upon it.
We are of opinion the Chancellor reached the correct result and equity of the case, and his decree is affirmed with costs.