| N.J. | Jun 15, 1914
The opinion of the court was delivered by
This action was brought by the receiver of the Columbia Real Estate -■ Company to recover $30,000 damages claimed because of the default of the Palisade Realty and Amusement Company in complying with its alleged contract to purchase from the Columbia company certain shares of capital stock and bonds issued by the Palisade company and outstanding.
. "Walter J. Gano, an owner of both capital stock and bonds of the Palisade company was made a party defendant upon his own application for leave to intervene.
At the trial, at the Hudson circuit, the trial judge directed a verdict for the defendants upon two grounds — first, that the right of the Palisade company to purchase its own capital stock was restricted by its certificate of incorporation to certain conditions which the plaintiff did not show existed; and secondly, that the contract for the purchase of the bonds could not be enforced because none of the bonds had then matured.
We are of opinion that the verdict was properly directed. But we do not rest upon either reason assigned by the trial judge, and express no opinion thereon. The motion was based also upon the ground that the alleged contract was not the act and deed of the Palisade company, and we think that ground well taken. Of course the direction of a verdict will be sustained although the reasons given by the court below are incomplete, or even erroneous, if in fact the direction was proper upon other grounds appearing in the case. Gillespie v. John W. Ferguson Co., 78 N. J. L. 470.
The instrument upon which this suit is founded was signed “Palisade Realty and Amusement Com-pany, by A. M. Clegg, 3d Vice President” and was sealed with its common seal. It was a contract of peculiar character, and was not in the
But obviously such an agreement, in order to bind the corporation, must be its act, either (1) by its corporate action, or (2) because made by its authorized agent, or (3) by its ratification. Thompson v. Central Passenger Railway Co., 80 N. J. L. 328.
The instrument in question was not the product of corporate action since it is clear that it was not authorized by the board of directors.
It is also quite clear that it was not made by the company’s authorized agent.
Particular officers or agents of a corporation have such authority only as is expressly conferred upon them by the charter, by-laws, or resolution of the board of directors or of the stockholders, and such, as is implied because necessary or proper to enable them to perform the duties of their office. Clark Corp. (2d ed.) 480.
The only authorit}' expressly conferred upon the second vice president was that contained in the resolution of the board of directors by which such office was created, namely, “to sign contracts in connection with the improvemenl, opera-lion and maintenance of the Palisades Park as an amusement enterprise.” Clearly that conferred no power to make a contract on behalf of tlie corporation for the purchase of the capital stock and bonds of the corporation, nor could such power be implied on the theory that it was necessary to enable such officer to perform the duties of his office.
We think it also conclusively appears that the act of the second vice president, in signing this instrument, was never ratified. It was never formally ratified because it was never drawn to the attention either of the board or of the other individual directors.
Of course, ratification will be implied from acquiescence, or acceptance of benefits, with knowledge of the facts. But there was no such implied ratification because it appears that the other members of the board had no knowledge thereof.
The fact that the alleged contract contained a covenant that the Palisade company should have the use of “Marion avenue” without further pajunent, and the fact that the president of the company learned casually that the second vice president had made a contract for the use of such “avenue” for park purposes, as he was authorized and accustomed to do, will not be deemed to be a ratification by the company of the contract to purchase its own capital stock and bonds upon the theory that it accepted the benefits thereof with knowledge of the facts. It did not appear that the president communicated to the board of directors the knowledge that he had acquired. But had he done so, or had the board otherwise obtained such knowledge, there was nothing in such information to indicate that the second vice president had transgressed the limits of his power, and the board no doubt would have assumed, and would have been quite justified in assuming, that he 'acted rightfully. Clement v. Young-McShea Amuse
It is true that the instrument in question hove the common seal of the company. While the common seal of a coproration, accompanied by the signature or signatures of the appropriate corporate officer or officers, becomes prima facie evidence that such officer or officers had due authority from the corporation to execute the instrument, such as casts the burden of proof upon any party challenging its validity, yet this presumption may be overcome by proof of want of authority by clear and satisfactory evidence. Leggett v. New Jersey Manufacturing, &c., Co., 1 N. J. Eq. 541; Manhattan Manufacturing, &c., Co. v. New Jersey Stock Yard, &c., Co., 23 Id. 161; Parker v. Washoe Manufacturing Co., 49 N. J. L. 465; Mercer County Traction Co. v. United New Jersey Railroad, &c., Co., 65 N. J. Eq. 574.
In this case there was such proof of want of authority.
The judgment below will be affirmed, with costs.
For affirmance — The Chancellor, Chiee Justice, Trenchard, Parker, Bergen, Minturn, Kalisch, Bogert, Vredenburgh, White, Heppenheimer, JJ. 11.
For reversal — None.