31 F. 588 | U.S. Cir. Ct. | 1887
Complainants are judgment creditors of John McConnell. He was a merchant doing business in Lincoln, Nebraska, from January, 1872, to December, 1884, at which time he failed. About two months prior to his failure he conveyed a large amount of real estate to his wife in payment of an alleged indebtedness. At the time of his failure he gave a chattel mortgage on his stock to a bank in Lincoln, which had a claim of about $20,000. The bank took possession of this stock under the mortgage, and proceeded to sell the same to satisfy its claim. Other creditors commenced attachment proceedings, seeking to obtain satisfaction of their claims out of the stock of goods after the payment of the mortgage note. This stock was ample for the payment of the mortgage, as well as the claims of these attachment creditors. Those claims were placed in judgment, the judgments assigned by the several creditors to Airs. McConnell for 50 cents on the dollar, or thereabouts. These judgments were satisfied in full out of the proceeds of this stock of goods, so that one-half of the amount of these judgments really passed to Mrs. McConnell. Complainants have filed this creditors’ bill, seeking to set aside the conveyances made to Mrs. AlcConnell as fraudulent, and also to charge her as trustee for their benefit of the amounts received by her in collection of those various judgments.
Noticing the last matter first, I remark that unquestionably a creditor having a valid claim may do what he pleases with it, giving all or any portion to the wile of the debtor; and, if such gift is made, the wife takes the property thus given free from the claim of any other creditor of her husband. So, if these several creditors had intended to give one-half of their claims to Airs. AlcConnell, the money she thus obtained would be hers free from any claim of complainants. Or if they elected to sell their claims for 50 cents on the dollar, or any other sum, to her, and she paid therefor out of her own moneys, she would hold these judgments, and the proceeds thereof, free from any claim of complainants. But it is also true that equity looks beyond the mere form of the transaction, at the real facts, and I have no doubt from the testimony that all this matter of an assignment of the judgments to Mrs. AlcConnell was a mere trick, and not a bona fide purchase by her. After his failure, l\tr. McConnell offered to pay 50 cents on the dollar; sent statements to that effect to his various creditors. These, complainants, the largest creditors, would not accept; the others, having smaller claims, were willing. As all did not. accept, that proposition seems to have fallen through, and this scheme of the assignment was substituted. But the whole thing was managed by AlcConnell. The creditors had expressed a willingness
As to the conveyances of property, prior to the failure, to Mrs. McConnell, in satisfaction of an alleged debt, I remark this: It is undoubted that when Mr. McConnell went into business, in 1872, he started with a stock of from sixteen to eighteen thousand dollars, twelve thousand dollars of which was paid by Mrs. McConnell with land which was her separate property. She testifies that she took a note for that $12,-000, running-five years, with interest at 10 per cent., payable annually. At the end of five years, nothing having been paid, the interest was computed, and a new note taken for the amount then due, to-wit, $19,-325, also running five years, with like interest. And at the end of that five years, nothing having been paid, a third note was taken in like manner for the amount then due: She produces the first two notes, and I must confess that those notes almost destroy my faith in her testimony. They were made five years apart, one at Cleveland, Ohio, and the other in Lincoln, Nebraska.- They are written upon pieces of legal cap paper, which are exactly alike,—apparently taken from the same sheet. The ink is the same, the writing alike. Both are dated Lincoln, Nebraska. In both the last figure of the date has been changed. The first was evidently, as first written, “December 16, 1870,” and the other “December 16, 1875,” and subsequently changed to “1871” and “1876,” respectively. The deed which was given by Mrs. McConnell for the $12,-000 was in December, 1871, aftd Mr. McConnell commenced business in January, 1872: Outside of the testimony of experts, a careful personal examination leads me very' strongly to believe that both notes were written at the same time, and, of course, such a fact makes very seriously against the truth of her testimony. I do not doubt that she paid $12,000 in the first instance. That is shown by other and satisfactory testimony. Of course, her husband then owed her that amount; but what I do doubt, is her testimony that that debt was, by the mutual understanding of the parties, kept alive as a debt, and, with interest, compounded annually at 10 per cent. Seitz v. Mitchell, 94 U. S. 580. Yet, notwithstanding the very grave-doubts that I have, I am constrained to hold that she is entitled to be protected as a creditor on that, claim to the extent of $12,-00Ó, and 10 per cent, simple interest to date, as well ás for the other items of indebtedness testified to by her. A computation in this man
NOTE.
CottVETAfci! from Hvsbasd to Wife. A conveyance to a wife, in |>ayment of a debt owing to her by her husband, is not a voluntary conveyance, nor fraudulent with respect to his other creditors. Gibson v. Bennett, (Me.) 9 Atl. Rep. 727; Heath v. Slocum, (Pa.) Id. 259 ; Lyon v. Zimmer, note, 30 Fed. Rep. 401; Dice v. Irvin, (Ind.) 11 N. E. Rep. 488; Popendick v. Frobenius, (Mich.) 33 N. W. Rep. 887; Iowa City Bank v. Weber, (Iowa,) 33 N. W. Rep. 606; German-American Seminary v. Saenger, (Mich.) Id. 301; Brickley v. Walker, (Wis.) 32 N. W. Rep. 773; Chapman v. Summerfield, (Kan.) 14 Pac. Rep. 233; Miller v. Krueger, (Kan.) 13 Pac. Rep. 614.
Whore there is no evidence of any previous agreement for the repayment of the money, the wife will bo held to have no legal claim against the husband therefor, and will not he permitted to appropriate his property, nominally in payment therefor, to the exclusion of his bona fide creditors. Jackson v. Beach, (N. J.) 9 Atl. Rep. 880; Hanson v. Manley, (Iowa.) 33 N. W. Rep. 357; Wake v. Griffin, (Neb.) 2 N. W. Rep. 461.
As to the burden of proof in controversies between a married woman and the Creditor.- of her husband, see Brickley v. Walker, (Wis.) 32 N. W. Rep. 773, and note; Burt v. Timmons, (W. Va.) 2 S. E. Rep. 780.
As to fraudulent conveyances between husband and wife, see Foster v. Knowles, (N. J.) 7 Atl. Rep. 295; Milholland v. Tiffany, (Md.) 2 Atl. Rep. 831, and note; Knight v. Kidder, (Me.) 1 Atl. Rep. 142, and note; Platt v. Schreyer, 25 Fed. Rep. 87, and note; Frank v. Humphrey, (Ill.) 12 N. E. Rep. 720; Hooser v. Hunt, (Wis.) 26 N. W. Rep. 412; Farmers’ Nat. Bank v. Warner, (Iowa,) Id.47; Witz v. Osburn, (Va.) 2 S. E. Rep. 33; Webb v. Ingham, (W. Va.) 1 S. E. Rep. 816.