124 P. 889 | Cal. Ct. App. | 1912
This is an appeal from a judgment for plaintiff for the sum of $233.80, and was taken according to the method prescribed by sections 941a and 941b of the Code of Civil Procedure. *81
The action was originally brought in the justice's court of the town of Berkeley, and by it the plaintiff, as appears from his complaint, sought to recover the sum of $200, and interest thereon, paid by him to defendant as a deposit on the purchase of a lot of land, under an agreement that the same should be repaid to plaintiff if the title to the land proved to be invalid. It is alleged in the complaint that the title to the land was not good and valid, in that the title of defendant thereto is burdened with certain building restrictions, which are set forth in the complaint.
Defendant demurred to the complaint upon the grounds that the justice's court had no jurisdiction over the subject matter of the action, and that the complaint did not state a cause of action. This demurrer was overruled, and defendant filed an answer and cross-complaint. In his answer defendant admitted that the land was subject to the building restrictions as alleged in the complaint, but that plaintiff, at the time of entering into the contract in writing to purchase said land, did orally waive said restrictions as constituting a cloud upon the title to said land, and further denied that said title to said property was not good or valid by reason of said building restrictions or otherwise.
By his cross-complaint defendant sought to recover of plaintiff $200 as damages for plaintiff's refusal to complete the purchase of the land. The pleadings were not verified.
The trial before the justice of the peace resulted in a judgment for plaintiff for the amount sued for, and that defendant take nothing by reason of his cross-complaint.
From this judgment defendant in due time took an appeal to the superior court "on questions of both law and fact."
Upon the calling of the action for trial in the superior court, defendant by his counsel gave notice that he appeared specially at the trial of said action, and objected to the court hearing or determining the action upon its merits, and moved the court to remand the cause to the justice's court with directions to sustain defendant's demurrer to the complaint without leave to amend.
The objection and motion were made upon the grounds that the justice's court had no jurisdiction of the action, and that therefore the superior court acquired no appellate jurisdiction *82 over the subject matter of the action, and had no original jurisdiction over the person of the defendant.
The objections and motion of defendant were denied, and exception taken by defendant, and the court proceeded to try the action upon its merits, and made findings and rendered judgment for plaintiff.
It is now contended that the judgment of the superior court must be reversed for want of jurisdiction to try the action upon its merits.
As preliminary to a consideration of the question as to the jurisdiction of the superior court to try the action upon its merits, counsel on both sides have devoted considerable space in their briefs to a discussion of the question as to whether or not the action involved any question of title to real estate.
Where, as in this case, the plaintiff founds his right of action upon an allegation that title to land agreed to be purchased by him is invalid, and according to his own pleadings seeks the return of a purchase deposit upon the ground of such invalidity, it is certain that title to land is necessarily involved in the action. (Holman v. Taylor,
Copertini v. Oppermann,
Respondent insists, however, that even if the cause of action set forth in the complaint was not within the jurisdiction of the justice court, the superior court obtained jurisdiction to try the action upon its merits, because the defendant appealed *83
to said court upon both questions of law and fact. In support of this contention respondent cites a number of cases in which the right of the superior court to try a case upon the merits, appealed to it, upon questions of law and fact, from a justice court which had no jurisdiction of the subject matter of the action, has been sustained. The only ones that are at all pertinent are City of Santa Barbara v. Eldred,
In Armantage v. Superior Court it was not claimed that the justice court did not have jurisdiction of the subject matter of the action, and the case is not therefore in point upon the question in the case at bar.
In none of the other cases cited did the appellant make any objection to the superior court trying the cause upon its merits, or in any way raise the question as to its jurisdiction so to do until after judgment in such court, except in the case of Hart v. Carnall-Hopkins Co., and in that case it did not appear from the record transmitted upon appeal to the superior court from the justice court that any question of possession or title to real property arose or was presented in the justice court, but for aught that the record showed, such issue first arose upon the trial in the superior court. All of which is clearly pointed out in the opinion in the case reported in
In each of the other cases cited it is pointed out that the case was tried in the superior court upon its merits without objection by the appellant, and stress is laid upon such fact.
Upon the other hand the authorities are abundant, and, we believe, substantially uniform to the effect that where the want of jurisdiction of the justice court appears upon the record transmitted from such court to the appellate court, an objection made by the appellant to the appellate court trying the case upon the merits is good if seasonably made. The following are but a few of such authorities: Poyser v. Murray,
In Ballerino v. Bigelow,
The same course was pursued in Hoban v. Ryan,
In the still later case of Nolan v. Hentig,
In the case at bar the defendant substantially did all that the defendant did in Hoban v. Ryan, and more, for he not only urged in an appropriate way before the superior court its want of jurisdiction because of the want of jurisdiction in the justice court, but he had raised the same question by his demurrer, filed in the justice court, to the complaint, and upon the superior court overruling his objection declined to put in evidence as to the facts (a matter which we have not heretofore mentioned).
The rule laid down in Hoban v. Ryan should therefore control, and the superior court, when objection was made to its *85
jurisdiction to try the cause, should have sustained such objection and dismissed the cause for want of jurisdiction. See, also, to the same effect, Null v. Superior Court,
The judgment is reversed, and the superior court is directed to dismiss the action for want of jurisdiction.
Kerrigan, J., and Lennon, P. J., concurred.