189 Ky. 727 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1920
Opinion of the Court by
Affirming.
The appellant, Uriah Bates, a young m?m about twenty-four years of age, resided with his father’s family, near the point, where Indian creek, empties into Rockhouse creek. On Indian creek three or four miles from its mouth, Elijah Sergent resided with his wife, his daughter, Edith, a sixteen year old girl, and probably other children. Sergent was between fifty and sixty years of age. Beside the public highway, which ran along Indian preek, and a short distance from the mouth of the creek, lived Horse Neece and his wife, in a house, which was owned by Robert Bates, the father of the appellant. Immediately near, the mouth of Indian creek and not far from the road, was an old, vacant • house, which was, also, the property of Robert Bates. On a Friday afternoon, Sergent left his home, taking with him a jug, and saying to his family, that he was going to see appellant to procure a sum of money, which the latter owed him, and was intending to procure whiskey, in the jug, for medicine and the use of his friends. During that afternoon, he passed the dwelling of Horse Neece,
Upon a trial of appellant, upon an indictment accusing him of the murder of Sergent, he was found guilty, by the jury, and his punishment fixed at imprisonment for life. From the judgment of the court, based upon the jury’s verdict, he has appealed.
The grounds relied upon for a reversal are:
(1) The trial was had at a special term of the court, which was not called properly, and in the manner provided by law, and for such reason the court was not authorized to try the appellant.
(3) The court erroneously over his objections, admitted testimony, which was irrelevant and incompetent as evidence, and prejudicial to his substantial rights.
(a) Touching the first ground of complaint, the special term, at which the trial was had, was called by an order of the court, duly made and entered at a regular term. The order specified the case to be tried and the time of the special term. The appellant was present, when the order was made, and thus had actual notice of it. It complies with section 964, Kentucky Statutes, which authorizes the- calling of special terms, and when a special term is called by an order made at a regular term, there is no requirement, that it be advertised by a notice posted, at the court house door.
(b) The indictment was returned at a term of the court and continued to the succeeding regular term, at which a trial was had, which resulted in a mistrial on account of a disagreement of the members of the jury. For the trial of the case, at the special term, the court ordered a jury to be summoned from Pike county, which is an adjoining county to that of Letcher, in the court of which the cause was pending, and in the same judicial district. To this appellant objected. A change of venue was not sought by either the Commonwealth’s attorney, or the accused, but, the failure to do this would not affect the propriety of the court directing the jury to be summoned from another county, since none of the grounds, which would entitle either party to a change of venue might exist, and yet it would be practically impossible to obtain an impartial jury, in the county. In the order directing the summoning of a jury from Pike county, the court gives as the reasons- of its action, the great publicity of the details of the accusation, the wide kinship of both the accused and the deceased, in the county, and the fact, that in securing the jury, which heard the case and disagreed, required a number of days, and the record shows, that the court was so engaged for three days of the term. . . .
This motion was overruled, and he then formally challenged the entire panel, when a jury had been selected from those summoned from Pike county. The authority under which the court acted was section 194, of the Criminal Code, which is as follows: “If the judge of the court be satisfied, after having made a fair effort in good faith, for that purpose, that from any cause, it will be impracticable to obtain a jury, free of bias, in the county, wherein the prosecution is pending, he shall be authorized to summon a sufficient number of qualified jurors from some adjoining county, in which the judge shall believe there is the greatest probability of obtaining impartial jurors, etc.”
This section of the Criminal Code, as applying to certain states of facts has been construed by this court on several occasions, and it has been determined, that its provisions do not violate any constitutional right, which the accused has, as see Roberts v. Commonwealth, 94 Ky. 99; Commonwealth v. Karnes, 124 Ky. 340; Sergent v. Com., 133 Ky. 284; Bowman v. Com., 46 Ky. 486; Mosley v. Com., 84 S. W. 748; Brown v. Com., 49 S. W. 545; Forman v. Com., 86 Ky. 605; Bradford v. Com., 13 R. 154; Massie v. Com., 18 K. L. R. 367. -
While these constructions-1 haive been made for the guidance of the trial courts, and -to announce the rights, which accused persons may have in the premises, this court has held on numerous occasions, that under the provisions of section 281, Criminal 'Code, it is without authority to review the decision of a trial judge upon a challenge to the panel or for cause, that such power is expressly denied it, and such a decision of the trial judge is declared to be not the subject of appeal. The steps taken, by appellant were a challenge to the entire panel of jurors, or for cause. Logan v. Com., 174 Ky. 90; Sergent v. Com., 133 Ky. 284; Mosely v. Com., supra; Howard v. Com., 118 Ky. 1.
Section 193, Criminal Code, has reference to the sheriff of the county wherein the court is held, and in the instance of his disqualification another person may
(c) Touching all the rulings of the trial court, upon the admission of testimony, complained of, it should be said, that the evidence of the guilt of the accused, which was offered, consisted of a great number of disconnected facts and circumstances, and declarations of the accused, which, if true, pointed with more or less certainty to his guilt, but, there were no witnesses, who were present and saw the homicide. In an action, wherein circumstantial evidence is, alone, relied upon to prove guilt a wider range in examination is permissible, than when eye witnesses are produced. Wendling v. Com., 143 Ky. 597. When, however, this is said, it does not mean, that the proof of anything irrelevant to the issue may be made, 'or that evidence, which is incompetent for any reason can be heard, or that the admission of the proof of irrelevant facts, which have a prejudicial tendency, would not be fatal to a judgment. It does mean, however, that every relevant fact and circumstance, which tends to connect the accused, with the crime, with the guilt of which he is charged, is admissible, and the evidence of no fact or circumstance connected with the principal transaction, from which an inference as to the truth ’ of a disputed fact can reasonably be made, will be excluded, and any legal evidence of any fact is competent, the proof of which will shed light upon the disputed fact and when considered with other evidence in the case, its relevancy appears. Experience has, furthermore, demonstrated, that in the record of jury trials, where the record is so voluminous, as this one is, and filled with the testimony of witnesses of every degree of intelligence, it is an unusual circumstance, if errors, more or less prejudicial, do not creep- into it, arising from inadvertence, undue zeal of counsel, and misapprehensions of'the court, and hence, if reversals of the judgments, arrived at, otherwise by fair and orderly trial's, were made because of every error, which may appear upon the record, few of the judgments following 'such protracted trials would be allowed to stand, and the reason for the reversals would be without any real substance
(cl) The witness, Mrs. Neece, was permitted to testify, that on the Friday afternoon preceding the death of Sergent, he passed her home, going in the direction of the home of the accused, with a jug in his hand, and making inquiry for the accused. Edith Sergent, the daughter of deceased, was permitted to testify that upon his leaving his home on that afternoon, he said that he was going to see the accused to collect a sum of money, which accused owed to him and that he took with him a jug, in which he said he was intending to procure whiskey. It was both relevant and competent to prove the meeting of the accused and deceased on that afternoon, and that he made inquiry of the whereabouts of the accused as explanatory of his purpose while in the act of going and that he had a jug with him might be as properly proven as that he was on horse back, but, it is objected that the proof of the declaration that he intended to procure whiskey was not competent because hearsay and irrelevant, and was intended to indicate to the jury, that the accused was engaged in the illicit sale of whiskey and thereby created a prejudice against him in the minds of the jury. The declaration by deceased of his intention to procure whiskey in the jug was not competent as evidence as it shed no light upon the issues to be decided and no other fact proven in the record made it relevant, and if the testimony had the effect only of proving that the accused was engaged in selling liquor contrary to law, it would have been prejudicial, but the error was harmless as the deceased according to the declarations proven did not intimate that he proposed to procure whiskey from the accused, but was intending to obtain money which he owed him and there is nowhere intimated in the entire record that the accused was1 engaged in the traffic of whiskey. If the declaration of deceased that he was going to see the ac
(c2) The clerk of the county court was permitted to testify that several months before the homicide the accused applied for and obtained a license to marry Edith, the daughter of the deceased, and he stated at the time that the girl was twenty-three years of age, Edith Sergent was permitted to testify that she did not know of the obtention of the license until afterward when she heard- the accused tell her mother of it and requested permission to marry the girl, and that the mother cautioned the accused not to permit the deceased to know of it. Edith further testified that she had never promised to marry the accused. At the time the accused was talking to her mother, he said in substance that it was Elijah’s (Sergent’s) day now, but „that it would be his day at some future time. While discussing the subject of having obtained the license to marry the girl and having been indicted in connection with it, the accused again said to a witness, that “it was Eljah’s day now but would be his some other time.” To another witness who some time after the procurement of the license inquired of him when he was going to marry the girl, the accused replied that he was not going to marry her at all, that he just procured the 'license to satisfy Sergent about his wife. To several other witnesses with whom the accused discussed the fact of his having obtained the license, at different periods of time, preceding the homicide, he said in substance that he was not intending to marry the girl, that he would rather have her mother, Sergent’s wife, or that if he was intending to take either one, it would be the mother. To another with whom the accused was discussing the fact of his having been indicted for an offense growing up, out of his procurement of the license, he said that he would procure witnesses and prove that when “Jane” was engaged in peddling, that he and she interchanged letters by leaving them in a certain rock upon the road. All of the foregoing testimony was objected to and is now complained of as being incompetent and irrelevant. It should be observed that'the Commonwealth’s attorney did not undertake to prove the fact of the accused having been indicted for
The fact of the indictment appears in the record only in the conversations between accused and the witnesses who testify in regard to his statements concerning it and the mention of it is in the nature of inducement to his other declarations. The accused deposed without contradiction, that the indictment was dismissed at the solicitation of deceased and whether or not he procured it does not appear. The conversations detailed by the above mentioned witnesses were, however, competent as evidence in this case under all the circumstances of it as well as the fact of the procurement of the marriage license. If the accused had not obtained consent of the daughter of deceased to marry him, when he obtained’ the license he evidently contemplated the eventual consummation of the marriage and, thereafter hoped to secure such consent and marry her, but it is evident that deceased stood in the way of securing his end, and as long as he lived would reasonably be supposed to be an obstacle. It is not a reasonable conclusion, that one would obtain a marriage license, without intention to consummate the marriage. The accused renders the evidence competent and relevant by his own testimony to the effect, that the girl had agreed to marry him, and his declaration, that it was the girl’s father’s day now, but it would be his at some future time, is susceptible of the inference, that he would remove the obstacle. Evidence which tends to prove an intent or motive for the doing of an act is always competent, as against one accused of a crime, and the prosecution is not restricted to proving that the accused was impelled by a single motive, but, may prove several. The existence of a motive is indicative of the probability of guilt, as the- absence of a motive is indicative of innocence. Motive has been defined to be an inducement, reason, cause or incentive for the doing of an act. Ellis v. Com., 146 Ky. 729. The witnesses who deposed that the accused declared, that he did not intend to marry the daughter, but preferred the mother; that, he procured the license to marry the daughter, to satisfy the deceased about his wife; and that he had carried on an exchange of letters with the wife of deceased; together with testimony of the accused,
(c3) The testimony in regard to the accused’s procurement of the gun, which was found near the body of deceased, is objected to, upon the ground, that he did not procure the gun, until after the death of deceased, and for that reason, could only be evidence against him, as an accessory after the fact. With this contention we can not concur. It can not be definitely fixed, from the evidence, when the homicide was committed. One witness, deposes to having seen a light, presumably made by a fire, at the point, where the body was found, and where the homicide evidently occurred, on Monday night, which was after the accused procured the gun. If the deceased had been slain before the accused procured the gun, the fact, that it was found at the body, and mutilated as it was, would be competent evidence tending to prove his connection with the crime and an apparent attempt to conceal it by causing an appearance of suicide and the disfigurement of the gun to conceal its identity.
While there are minor errors in the record, in the admission of testimony, there are none, which prejudice the substantial rights of the accused; the evidence is sufficient to support the verdict; the jury from all the evidence found the accused to be guilty, and no sufficient reason appears to set aside its verdict, and the judgment is therefore affirmed.