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Bartram's Estate
128 A. 511
Pa.
1925
Check Treatment

Opinion by

Mr. Justice Kephart,

Aрpellant’s claim is based on a note under seal, dated September 15, 1890, and the sole question before us is whether the evidence adduced at the hearing was sufficient ‍‌​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌​​​​‍to overcome the presumрtion of a payment arising from lapse of time. Whеther it is sufficient in quantity and quality is for the court, in a case such as this: *538 Fidelity Title and Trust Co. v. Chapman, 226 Pa. 312, 314. After twenty years the presumption of payment is strong. It gains strength with age, and after thirty years it requires ‍‌​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌​​​​‍very clear and explicit proof to dislodge it. Thе death of testator intervening raises an added protection.

The note was presented for payment from this estate after the maker died in 1921. An effort was made by claimant to show the debtor was unable to pay the debt. Insolvency, to be availablе ‍‌​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌​​​​‍to rebut the presumption, must continue during the whole рeriod of the existence of the debt, and it must be shоwn with the force of a substantive fact: Sheafer v. Wоodside, 257 Pa. 276, 283; Griffith’s Est., 14 W. N. C. 486. It was ‍‌​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌​​​​‍held in an early case (Taylor v. Megargee, 2 Pa. 225, 226) insolvency alone would not be sufficient for this purpose. “A man may be poor or insolvent, аnd yet contrive to pay a debt in twenty years.” But, befоre the fact of insolvency can be used to rebut the presumption ‍‌​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌​​​​‍of payment, it must be shown that the dеbtor was absolutely unable to pay not only this debt but all debts during the entire period of twenty years, or as long as the debt was in existence: Guillou v. Redfield, 205 Pa. 293.

All the debtor’s property was sold in 1894, some time after the maturity оf the note. Prior to this time he was conducting a business, and, while thus engaged, was not insolvent. Here, then, is a break in the chain of proof claimant cannot close; during this time the debt might have been paid and therе is nothing to show it was not. From the time of the sheriff’s sale until 1919 he was wholly without means, except small earnings and these were scarcely sufficient to keep him, his wife and daughter. His sister died during the last named year, and the dеbtor became her sole distributee. He recеived various sums of money, in all about $2,500, from the estatе in addition to the ownership of an undivided half interest in a tract of land; the distribution of the proceeds of its sale is the cause of the present contest. When the *539 debtor died, be bad over $2,000 in bank. There was nо evidence tbe note bad ever been prеsented for payment, or that any payment bad bеen made on account of it during tbe thirty years, or that any bad been demanded.

Tbe principles of law which govern claims of this character have been recently stated in Gilmore v. Alexander, 268 Pa. 415, and Lefever’s Est., 278 Pa. 196, 198. Tbe burden of removing tbe presumption of payment was on plaintiff; whether tbe evidence was sufficient, where tbe question of credibility is not in issue, is for tbe court. Tbe court below did not err in refusing to allow tbe claim.

Tbe decree is affirmed, at tbe cost of appellant.

Case Details

Case Name: Bartram's Estate
Court Name: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Date Published: Jan 13, 1925
Citation: 128 A. 511
Docket Number: Appeal, 210
Court Abbreviation: Pa.
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