Barto v. Iowa Telephone Co.

126 Iowa 241 | Iowa | 1904

Ladd, J.—

On the 18th day of April, 1901, the plaintiff was employed as lineman by defendant and was engaged in stringing what are called “ lead offs,” being connections from the main line of telephone wires to residences or places of business of patrons. After ascertaining the wires with which to connect a laundry near the intersection of Court and Fourth streets he advised the wire chief, and was informed that a certain telephone was connected with a metallic circuit when it should have been a common return. In a metallic circuit two wires run all the way from the telephone to the central office, while in a common return one wire runs from the office to the telephone, and the current travels back over a wire common to several telephones, sometimes called the “ McClure ” wire. Plaintiff, in pro.eeding to remedy the defect, climbed the pole on which, about thirty feet from the ground, were two crossbars, and above these a “ hickey ” had been placed by^ the Sioux City Electric Light. Company. A " hickey ” consists of two iron strips' fastened to the pole and extending above its end, supporting a crossbar. On this crossbar there were two electric light wires of one hundred and ten volts, and two primary wires, connecting alternating currents of one thousand and fifty volts each. A wire tapped one of these, and ran down to the_ middle bar, and, after being wound around a peg, onto the, fuse box, which was attached to the lower crossbar west of the post, and over the end of a supporting brace extending from the pole to the crossbar. This fuse box was six inches long by three or four inches wide, and is described as “ fusible plug down in a receptacle to blow out or melt out in case of a short circuit on the line.” A substance of lower conductivity than the wire is placed in it, and melts when two wires come together. A converter was attached to the north side of the pole, the top of it at the .middle of the lower crossbar. This was about eighteen inches high and twelve or fifteen inches wide. Its purpose was to convert the current from a higher into others of lower voltage. In this instance tlie current passing into a store near by was reduced to one hundred and four volts. A connecting coil, about one and one-half inches in diameter, of wire three-thirty-seconds of an inch thick, extended from the fuse box to the converter. Back of this wire was the iron brace previously mentioned, .and as the coil was longer than seems to have been necessary it is supposed to have been blown back and forth by the wind against the brace until the insulation wore from the wire. The telephone wires were stretched over the middle and lower crossbars, save the common return, which was attached to a bracket fastened on the east side of the pole at the lower end of the brace supporting the middle crossbar. The plaintiff cut the return wire of the metallic circuit and attached it on the common return, which was on the bracket. He then had hold of the bracket with one hand, an,d in descending grasped the iron brace of the wire coil connecting the- fuse box and the converter, when, as the evidence tended to show, he was struck by a current of electricity and fell to tire earth.

1. Electricity: negligence. I. The hickey, electric light- wires, fuse box, and converter were placed on the pole without the defendant’s consent, but, as these had remained thereon more than a year, it may be assumed to have been.done with p-s acquiescence. That they were so placed by another company did not relieve the defendant of its duty to take reasonable precautions for the safety of its employes. Though the lineman is of necessity exposed to unusual dangers, it is the duty of the employer to see that the' place where he is to perform his' work is, in view of the situation," reasonably safe; that is, shielded from such perils as an ordinarily prudent and skillful man would, under like circumstances, guard against, and it is no excuse to say that an act in violation of this duty was that of another, if with the employer’s consent or acquiescence. In other words, the obligation to provide the employe a reasonably safe place to work is an affirmative and continuing duty on the part of the employer. If the defendant chose to allow the electric light company to use its poles, it became its duty to see that these were not so used as to expose the telephone company’s employes to perils the risk of which was not assumed in entering such hazardous employment. See McGuire v. Bell Tel. Co., 167 N. Y. 208 (60 N. E. Rep. 433, 52 L. R. A. 437) Cherokee, etc., Coal Co. v. Britton, 3 Kan. App. 292 (45 Pac. Rep. 100) ; Trainor v. R. R. Co., 137 Pa. 145 (20 Atl. Rep. 632).

2. Same. Counsel have stated in eloquent terms the advantages of electricity. The power supplied by it and manifested in different, ways is now in common use. Its economic advantages are immeasurable. Its possibilities are inconceivable. But unless properly handled it is also exceedingly dangerous, and those utilizing the

agency cannot complain if a degree of care and skill in the construction and maintenance of necessary apparatus and machinery is exacted commensurate with the dangers involved. McAdam v. Cen. R. & E. Co., 67 Conn. 445 (35 Atl. Rep. 341). See Overall v. Louisville E. & L. Co., 20 Ky. 759 (47 S. W. Rep. 442). Such is the rule with respect to other instrumentalities, and no reason can be suggested justifying’ an exception in favor of electricity.

8- evidence*0131 The wire coil connecting the fuse box with the * converter could easily have been so hung as not to have come in contact with the iron brace, and so adjusting it that the insulation would be likely “ by raking ” against ^race we8-1' off might well have been found to have been improper construction. It was as though an uninsulated wire had been left in direct-contact with the brace. Of course the covering might have been expected to wear off, but when wires are so placed that this may occur at short intervals, because of coming in contact with other material, and where loss of insulation renders them dangerous, inspection should be made with such frequency as appears reasonably necessary to discover and remedy defects, to tbe end that injury may not result therefrom. The lineman necessarily ascended on the opposite side of this pole, and when in that position his view of the wire was obstructed by the location of the fuse box, converter, crossbar, and brace, and he would not be likely to search for a wire on the other side, not fastened to, but swinging against, the brace, especially if ignorant of the mechanism of the fuse box and converter. The defendant must be presumed to have known what every one else has observed, that linemen in going up and down poles take hold of the braces and other projections which do not appear to be dangerous, and in placing or permitting others to place wires and apparatus on these poles should have taken this custom into consideration in guarding against exposing its employés to unnecessary peril; and whether it did, in view of all the circumstances, exercise ordinary care and skill in so doing, was for the jury to decide.

i. Assumption of risk. II. That plaintiff assumed the risks incident to his employment no one questions. Had he been an inspector, or had the inspection of the poles and wires been a part of ^is duties, there would bé much force in appellant’s contention that he should be held to have known what it-was his duty to ascertain. See Anderson v. The Inland Telephone & Tel. Co., 19 Wash. 575 (53 Pac. Rep. 657, 41 L. R. A. 410); Chisholm v. The New Eng. T. & T. Co., 176 Mass. 125 (57 N. E. Rep. 383); Bergin v. New Eng. Tel. Co., 70 Conn. 54 (38 Atl. Rep. 888, 39 L. R. A. 195); New Omaha T. H. E. L. Co. v. Romhold (Neb.) 97 N. W. Rep. 1030. But he was not an inspector, and the record is void of any evidence upon which it could have been formd _that inspection was a part of his duty. True, he was required to report any defects he might observe, but he was not directed to look for them; was not furnished with any apparatus to test live wires; did not know how, and was even ignorant of the method of testing by touching with the end of his fingers. Indeed the testi-money tended to show that this was the only telephone pole in the city with a converter and fuse box attached to it, and that, though plaintiff appreciated the danger of coming in contact with electric wires, he had had no experience in protecting himself from them. Doubtless he did assume the risk of coming in contact with any wire which in the exercise of ordinary diligence he should have observed. But he was without knowledge of the mechanism of the converter and fuse box, and, as the connecting wire was concealed from view, cannot be held to have been negligent, as a matter of law, in not discovering it. If not charged with knowledge of the danger, it seems unnecessary to say that he cannot be held to have assumed the risk.

„ O. CONTUIBU-™geno?g’ evidence. III. What has been said practically disposes of the contention that plaintiff was conclusively shown to have been guilty of contributory negligence. The additional element is the fact that he carried an insulating tape # OX with which 'he might have wound the joint made by the lead-off wire with the common return. Had he done this he would not have been injured. Had he taken hold of the brace on the other side he would have escaped. He could have steadied himself by placing his arm about the pole. • One of the pegs might have proven a safe hand-hold. Had he foreseen the danger of seizing the brace, another expedient would doubtless have been adopted. But he did not, and the other things he might have done are important only in determining whether he was guilty of any negligence in taking the course he adopted. Would a prudent man with one hand on the bracket, connected by a wire with the earth, situated as plaintiff was, have grasped the iron brace? He had been working with the return wire, which appeared to be safe, and as there was ground for concluding that he had no reason to suspect that the brace was in contact with a live wire, the question of his negligence was an open one for the determination of the jury.

The rulings on the admissibility of evidence were correct, and the instructions refused, in so far as correct, were included in those given, which, when considered together, are not subject to the exceptions urged.— Affirmed.