Barstad v. the StateBarstad v. the State
Following a jury trial, James Barstad was convicted of burglary (
“Following a criminal conviction, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury‘s verdict, and the defendant is no longer presumed innocent.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Pyburn v. State, 301 Ga. App. 372 (687 SE2d 909) (2009). So viewed, the evidence shows that between June 30 and July 6, 2010, the victim and her family were on vacation. When the victim returned to her house in Douglas County, she noticed that the house had been ransacked and a window was broken. The victim discovered that the following had been stolen from her house: $300-$400 in cash, two flat screen televisions, all of the victim‘s jewelry, two Coach purses, a Wii gaming system and several Wii games. The victim also noticed an open Coke
The victim pointed out the Coke Zero can to the investigating officer, who took the can into evidence. The can was subsequently processed for DNA testing. The officer also surveyed the house and concluded that the assailant had entered the victim‘s house via a downstairs window.
Another officer, who had been investigating a series of burglaries in Douglas County, suspected that Barstad was involved in the crimes. Barstad lived with his girlfriend, Barbara Black, during the time of the burglary in this case. The investigating officer went to Black‘s residence in late July, and she informed the officer that Barstad was in Florida. After the officer advised Black about his investigation, Black gave police officers consent to search her house. During the search, police officers discovered two watches, a pearl necklace, and a silver bracelet that the victim later identified as having been stolen from her house.
After Barstad returned from Florida, police officers returned to Black‘s house in an attempt to execute an arrest warrant on Barstad. When Barstad answered the door, a police officer identified himself, informed Barstad that he had an arrest warrant, and asked Barstad to turn around and put his hands behind his back. Barstad stepped further into the house and refused to stop when requested to do so. The police officer then warned Barstad that he would use his taser if Barstad did not stop moving. Barstad continued to move toward the back of the house, and, when he reached for the back door, the police officer used his taser to subdue Barstad. Another police officer then arrested Barstad.
A buccal swab was subsequently taken from Barstad, and the buccal sample was compared to the DNA found on the Coke Zero can found in the victim‘s house. A forensic scientist concluded that the DNA found inside the can was an exact match for Barstad or his identical twin.
At trial, the State presented similar transaction evidence showing that, in June 2008, Barstad committed the offense of attempted burglary in Douglas County. During that offense, a witness reported suspicious behavior when Barstad took the screen off a window to a house. Following the presentation of evidence, the jury found Barstad guilty of burglary, theft by taking, and obstruction of a law enforcement officer.
1. Barstad contends that the trial court erred in concluding that the evidence was sufficient to sustain his convictions for burglary and
A person commits the offense of burglary when, without authority and with the intent to commit a felony or theft therein, he enters or remains within a building or any room or part thereof.
For a conviction based on circumstantial evidence to stand, the proved facts shall not only be consistent with the hypothesis of guilt, but shall exclude every other reasonable hypothesis save that of the guilt of the accused. However, it is well established that questions of reasonableness are generally for the fact-finder and where the circumstantial evidence is sufficient to exclude every reasonable hypothesis save that of the guilt of the accused, the appellate court will not disturb the fact-finder‘s guilty verdict unless it is unsupportable as a matter of law.
(Punctuation and footnotes omitted.) Roberts v. State, 309 Ga. App. 681, 683 (1) (710 SE2d 878) (2011). Evidence of recent, unexplained possession of stolen goods may be sufficient to give rise to an inference that the defendant committed the offenses of burglary and theft by taking. See Chambers v. State, 288 Ga. App. 550, 551 (654 SE2d 451) (2007) (burglary); Jefferson v. State, 273 Ga. App. 61, 63 (1) (614 SE2d 182) (2005) (theft by taking).
In this case, Barstad‘s DNA, or that of his identical twin, was found on the Coke Zero can left inside the victim‘s house in which a window had been broken and numerous items stolen. There was no evidence to explain how the DNA was left at the scene of the crime other than when the offenses were committed. Although Barstad argues that the DNA could have possibly been left by his brother, a forensic biologist testified that only identical twins would have the same DNA, and there is no evidence that Barstad had an identical
Nevertheless, the DNA evidence was not the only evidence from which the jury could infer Barstad‘s guilt. The victim‘s stolen property was found in a house where Barstad was residing, and the homeowner stated that the recovered items were not hers and that Barstad would often hide things inside her house. Additionally, when police officers tried to execute an arrest warrant on Barstad, he attempted to flee, and such evidence provides circumstantial evidence of guilt. See Durham v. State, 309 Ga. App. 444, 445 (1) (710 SE2d 644) (2011).
Based on the above evidence, along with the evidence that Barstad committed a similar offense, the jury was authorized to conclude Barstad committed the offenses of burglary and theft by taking. See Roberts, supra, 309 Ga. App. at 683 (1) (evidence sufficient to sustain conviction for burglary where defendant‘s blood was found at the scene of a business that had been broken into and defendant had committed similar transactions); Jefferson, supra, 273 Ga. App. at 63-64 (1) (evidence of unexplained recent possession of stolen property and similar transactions authorized the jury to find defendant guilty of theft by taking).
2. Barstad contends that the trial court erred by sentencing him as a recidivist because the State failed to provide him with notice of the offenses it intended to use as recidivism evidence and the tendered convictions did not meet the statutory definition. We disagree.
Here, in its discovery response filed five months prior to trial, the State included Barstad‘s Georgia Crime Information Center (“GCIC“) report, and the State specifically stated that all convictions would be used in aggravation of sentencing and that it would recommend a sentence of “60 years to serve 20 years pursuant to [the] repeat offender provisions of [OCGA] § 17-10-7 (c)[.]” Around the same time that it filed its discovery response, the State served Barstad with a specific notice of intent to seek repeat offender punishment, listing Barstad‘s prior convictions for attempted burglary, possession of cocaine, felony shoplifting, and burglary.
At the sentencing hearing, Barstad objected to the possession of cocaine conviction, arguing that he was not the defendant listed in
(a) Barstad‘s argument that he was not provided adequate notice is without merit.
The prosecuting attorney shall, no later than ten days prior to trial, or at such time as the court orders but in no event later than the beginning of the trial, provide the defendant with notice of any evidence in aggravation of punishment that the [S]tate intends to introduce in sentencing.
In this case, the State provided notice several months before trial that it was seeking recidivist punishment and attached Barstad‘s GCIC report. This Court has repeatedly held that convictions listed on an attached GCIC report suffice as proper notice of aggravating sentencing evidence. See, e.g., Parks v. State, 294 Ga. App. 646, 652 (11) (669 SE2d 684) (2008); Young v. State, 245 Ga. App. 684, 686-687 (3) (538 SE2d 760) (2000).
Barstad provides no authority, nor could we find any, to support his contention that the State‘s ability to pursue recidivist punishment is strictly limited to those convictions it listed in its specific intent notice. Notwithstanding Barstad‘s contentions, the sufficiency of the State‘s notice is a matter of substance over form, because “[t]he important requirement is that the defendant be given an unmistakable advance warning that the prior convictions will be used against him at sentencing so that he will have enough time to rebut or explain any conviction record.” (Citations, punctuation and footnotes omitted; emphasis supplied.) Evans v. State, 290 Ga. App. 746, 748 (2) (660 SE2d 841) (2008). Given that the State filed multiple notices indicating that it was seeking recidivist punishment and it informed Barstad that all of his convictions could be used for such purposes, the trial court did not err in concluding that the State‘s notice was adequate.
(b) Barstad next contends that the trial court could not combine his attempted burglary conviction in Georgia with his two Florida convictions for grand theft and aggravated assault upon a police officer. Barstad argues that
3. Barstad also contends that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to request funds to hire an independent DNA expert to challenge the DNA evidence obtained at the victim‘s house.4 We disagree.
In order to succeed on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel,
[Barstad] must show that his counsel‘s performance was professionally deficient and that but for counsel‘s unprofessional conduct, there is a reasonable probability the outcome of the proceedings would have been different. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.
(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Pyburn, supra, 301 Ga. App. at 373 (2).
Although Barstad argues that a DNA expert would have likely changed the outcome of his trial, he did not call an expert to testify at the motion for new trial hearing. Consequently, Barstad did not
Judgment affirmed. Doyle, P. J., and Dillard, J., concur.