Timothy M. Barrett v. Virginia State Bar, ex rel. Second District Committee
Record No. 081935
Supreme Court of Virginia
April 17, 2009
Circuit Court No. CL08-1511
In the Supreme Court of Virginia held at the Supreme Court Building in the City of Richmond on Friday, the 17th day of April, 2009.
Upon consideration of the record, the briefs, the argument of the appellant in proper person, and the argument of counsel for the Virginia State Bar, ex rel. Second District Committee, the Court is of opinion there is no error in the judgment appealed from.
On December 19, 2007, the Second District Subcommittee of the Virginia State Bar certified two charges of misconduct against Timothy M. Barrett involving violations of Rules 3.1 and 3.4 of the Rules of Professional Conduct and served him with a copy of the certification. He requested that the case be heard by a three-judge court pursuant to
The matter was heard by the Panel on July 31, 2008. At the conclusion of the hearing, the Panel held that the State Bar had failed to prove a violation of Rule 3.4 and dismissed that charge. However, the Panel found that Barrett had violated Rule 3.1, which provides in pertinent part as follows:
A lawyer shall not bring or defend a proceeding, or assert or controvert an issue therein, unless there is a basis for doing so that is not frivolous, which includes a good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing law.
For the violation of this Rule, the Panel imposed a sanction of “[r]evocation of [Barrett‘s] license to practice law in the Commonwealth of Virginia, effective immediately.”
STANDARD OF REVIEW
In our review of the Panel‘s decision, we conduct an independent examination of the record, considering the evidence and the inferences fairly deducible therefrom in the light most favorable to the State Bar, the prevailing party below, and we give the Panel‘s factual findings substantial weight and consider them as prima facie correct. Anthony v. Virginia State Bar, 270 Va. 601, 608-09, 621 S.E.2d 121, 125 (2005). While not given the weight of a jury verdict, the Panel‘s conclusions will be sustained unless they are not justified by the evidence or are contrary to law. Id. at 609, 621 S.E.2d at 125.
BACKGROUND
At the time of the hearing before the Panel, Barrett was serving the second of two suspensions of his license to practice law, totaling fifty-one months, for previous violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct (the Rules). The violations occurred in the course of prolonged litigation between Barrett and his former wife, Jill Barrett, in
MOTION TO DISMISS
Barrett also appeared pro se in the hearing before the Panel in the present case. At the commencement of the hearing, he made a motion to dismiss based upon two grounds, (1) because Barrett‘s license to practice law was suspended, he was a non-lawyer and therefore the “Court lack[ed] jurisdiction to try a non-lawyer under the rules of professional conduct,” and (2) because the application of the “rules of professional conduct to a lawyer who represents himself would violate the protection laws of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.” The Panel denied the motion to dismiss.
Jurisdiction
Barrett should be quite familiar with this Court‘s treatment of the interaction of the Rules and lawyers representing themselves. In Barrett II, this Court upheld the finding of a three-judge court that Barrett violated Rule 3.1 for “engaging in a frivolous act” in asserting that opposing counsel and Barrett‘s wife were involved in a romantic relationship. 272 Va. at 270-71, 634 S.E.2d at 347. Representing himself, Barrett argued that the Rules “apply only when a lawyer is representing a client, not when a lawyer represents himself in a proceeding.” Id. at 267, 634 S.E.2d at 345. This Court responded as follows:
Rules of statutory construction provide that language should not be given a literal interpretation if doing so would result in a manifest absurdity. Applying these Rules in the manner Barrett suggests would result in such an absurdity. The Rules of Professional Conduct are designed to insure the integrity and fairness of the legal process. It would be a manifest absurdity and a distortion of these Rules if a lawyer representing himself commits an act that violates the Rules but is able to escape accountability for such violation solely because the lawyer is representing himself.
Id. at 267-68, 634 S.E.2d at 345. (Citations omitted.) It would also be a manifest absurdity and a distortion of the Rules if they are applied in the manner Barrett suggests here: A lawyer would be able to escape accountability for a violation of the Rules by using a license suspension as a permit to offend even more.
We hold that a lawyer whose license is suspended is still an active member of the bar and, although not in good standing, is subject to the Rules. We are not alone in this view.
In the case of In re Morrissey, 305 F.3d 211 (4th Cir. 2002), Morrissey, a lawyer licensed to practice in Virginia, was disbarred by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia for violations of the Virginia Code of Professional Responsibility occurring while his license was suspended. Like Barrett here, Morrissey argued that “the three judge . . . panel had no jurisdiction over [him] to inquire into conduct which occurred while [he] was suspended from the practice of law before the district court.” Id. at 215. The Fourth Circuit affirmed Morrissey‘s disbarment and stated as follows:
While none of the federal courts of appeals seem to have considered this matter, and the opinion of no district court on the subject has come to our attention, we note that all of the States which have considered the question have come to the same conclusion, which is that an attorney may be disbarred for conduct which occurred during the time his license to practice law is suspended.
Id. at 216. The decisions of ten states were cited, including State ex rel Nebraska State Bar Ass‘n v. Butterfield, 111 N.W.2d 543 (Neb. 1961). The Fourth Circuit then stated as follows:
The distinction between disbarment and suspension made in the Butterfield case is apt, and we adopt it: “Disbarment is the severance of the status and privileges of an attorney, whereas suspension is the temporary forced withdrawal from the exercise of office, powers, prerogatives, and privileges of a member of the bar.”
Id. (quoting Butterfield, 111 N.W.2d at 546). We also consider the Butterfield distinction apt, and we adopt it and hold that the Panel had jurisdiction to apply the Rules to Barrett in his suspended status.
Equal Protection
Barrett argues that “applying the Rules of Professional Conduct to [him] while exercising his fundamental and inalienable right to represent himself burdens him with additional strictures that do not bind any other litigant under the exact same circumstances, a burden that is forbidden by the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the
However, as the Panel noted in its order disbarring Barrett, “an attorney representing himself is not alike in all aspects to a pro se non-lawyer litigant by virtue of the fact that the lawyer is a lawyer and is so by choice.” Lawyers whose licenses to practice have been suspended are of a class unto themselves and they are subject to the Rules of Professional Conduct while non-lawyers who represent themselves are of an entirely different class and not subject to the Rules.
The important consideration is whether a lawyer whose license to practice has been suspended is treated like other lawyers whose licenses have been suspended. This Court noted in a previous case involving a claim that an act of the General Assembly violated the Equal Protection Clause that “[a]n act is not invalid if within the sphere of its operation all persons subject to it are ‘treated alike, under like circumstances and conditions, both in the privileges conferred and in the liabilities imposed.‘” Bryce v. Gillespie, 160 Va. 137, 146, 168 S.E. 653, 656 (1933) (quoting Hayes v. Missouri, 120 U.S. 68, 71-72 (1887)); see also Truax v. Corrigan, 257 U.S. 312, 333 (1921).
Barrett makes no claim that he is being treated unlike other lawyers whose licenses to practice have been suspended. Accordingly, we reject his argument that applying the Rules to him violates the Equal Protection Clause.
RULE 3.1
Barrett is also familiar with the Rule 3.1 prohibition against frivolous assertions not only from his visit here in Barrett II but also from Barrett I, where this Court upheld his violation of the Rule for asserting during his divorce case that he did not know and was not married to Jill Barrett. In the present case, the issue Barrett is charged with frivolously asserting arose from an order entered March 9, 2006, by the Circuit Court of Grayson County involving the Barretts’ children. The order provided that “Jill Barrett have sole legal and physical custody of the children and that Timothy Barrett have visitation with the children once every six weeks either on a Saturday or a Sunday from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.”*
Following entry of the March 9, 2006 order, Barrett repeatedly asserted in the Circuit Court of Grayson County and in the Court of Appeals of Virginia that, because the mother of the children was awarded their “sole legal and physical custody,” he is no longer responsible for the payment of any support for them. He makes the same assertion here. Barrett states that “[i]n the case of child support, the whole issue has been subsumed by statute,” and “[t]hus, the merits or frivolity of [my] argument rises or falls on the statute, not the Common Law.”
Barrett cites
custody” as meaning that “one person retains responsibility for the care and control of a child and has primary authority to make decisions concerning the child.”
Barrett also cites
We disagree with Barrett that subsection (B) of
The sole custody total monthly child support obligation shall be established by adding (i) the basic monthly child support obligation, as determined from the schedule contained in subsection B, (ii) costs for health care coverage to the extent allowable by subsection E, and (iii) work-related child-care costs and taking into consideration all the factors set forth in subsection B of
§ 20-108.1 . The total monthly child support obligation shall be divided between the parents in the same proportion as their monthly gross incomes bear to their monthly combined gross income. The monthly obligation of each parent shall be computed by multiplying each parent‘s percentage of the parents’ monthly combined gross income by the total monthly child support obligation.However, the monthly obligation of the noncustodial parent shall be reduced by the cost for health care coverage to the extent allowable by subsection E when paid directly by the noncustodial parent. Unreimbursed medical and dental expenses shall be calculated and allocated in accordance with subsection D.
(Emphasis added.)
Further indication that subsection (B) of
Barrett would have us treat him as a stranger to his children and as one whose parental rights have been terminated. But Barrett is not a stranger to his children; the March 9, 2006 order entered by the Circuit Court of Grayson County explicitly granted him the important privilege of visitation with his children. And parental rights may be terminated only by adoption or by following the procedures for terminating such rights outlined in
CONCLUSION
We hold that for Barrett to assert persistently and repeatedly in the Circuit Court of Grayson County and in the Court of Appeals of Virginia that he is no longer required to support his children is completely frivolous, in light of the facts and the law of this case.
This order shall be published in the Virginia Reports and shall be certified to the said circuit court.
A Copy,
Teste:
Patricia L. Harrington, Clerk