547 S.W.2d 604 | Tex. Crim. App. | 1977
OPINION
Appellant was convicted of aggravated kidnapping. The conviction followed appellant’s guilty plea before the court, a jury having been waived. Punishment was assessed at imprisonment for fifteen (15) years and one (1) day, and this appeal followed.
The indictment consisted of two counts, each purporting to charge the offense of aggravated kidnapping.
Art. 1.15, Vernon’s Ann.C.C.P., mandates that, in a non-jury, non-capital felony trial, “it shall be necessary for the State to introduce evidence into the record showing the guilt of the defendant . . . .” (Emphasis supplied.) This has long been true even in cases where the guilty plea was before the court. In Edwards v. State, 463 S.W.2d 733 (Tex.Cr.App.1971), this court wrote:
“. . . A plea of guilty before the court in a non-capital felony case constitutes an admission of guilt but it alone does not authorize conviction when a jury trial is waived. The burden remains upon the State to introduce sufficient evidence to show the guilt of the accused and all necessary elements of the offense. Hesbrook v. State, 149 Tex.Cr.R. 310, 194 S.W.2d 260, 262; Burks v. State, 145 Tex.Cr.R. 15, 165 S.W.2d 460.”
See also Martin v. State, 491 S.W.2d 421 (Tex.Cr.App.1973); Salinas v. State, 478 S.W.2d 538 (Tex.Cr.App.1972); Fitzsimmons v. State, 471 S.W.2d 858 (Tex.Cr.App.1971); Rodriquez v. State, 442 S.W.2d 376 (Tex.Cr.App.1969); Crawford v. State, 161 Tex.Cr.R. 554, 278 S.W.2d 845 (1955); Hancock v. State, 141 Tex.Cr.R. 568, 150 S.W.2d 385 (1941); Howell v. State, 140 Tex.Cr.R. 627, 146 S.W.2d 747 (1941); Franklin v. State, 140 Tex.Cr.R. 251, 144 S.W.2d 581 (1940); Spivey v. State, 140 Tex.Cr.R. 107, 143 S.W.2d 386 (1940).
Since the evidence in the instant case is insufficient to support the judgment, the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.
. In view of our disposition of this case, we find it unnecessary to discuss whether either or both counts of the indictment properly alleged the offense of aggravated kidnapping. Compare Sec. 20.04, New Texas Penal Code Forms.
. Aggravated kidnapping can be a first or second degree felony. See V.T.C.A., Penal Code, Sec. 20.04, and Smith v. State, 541 S.W.2d 831 (Tex.Cr.App.1976). It is better practice that a finding be made as to the degree
. The judgment contains the recitation that appellant “in open court, in writing, . . waived . . . the appearance, confrontation and cross-examination of witnesses, and agreed that the evidence ... be stipulated,” etc. However, no such written waiver appears in the record. See Hughes v. State, 533 S.W.2d 824 (Tex.Cr.App.1976); Rodriguez v. State, 534 S.W.2d 335 (Tex.Cr.App.1976).