| N.C. | Sep 29, 1915
It appeared that Caesar Fort, intestate of plaintiff, died on 8 November, 1911, leaving a will and appointing an executor thereof, who failed to qualify, and, thereupon, the plaintiff was duly appointed administrator c. t. a. At the time of his death there were two judgments docketed against intestate in favor of Sauls Ormond, each for $95, one having been rendered on 23 December, 1898, docketed in Superior Court the same day, and the other rendered in the Superior Court on 16 April, 1900. These judgments were assigned for value to J. M. Grantham, and executions regularly issued thereon within each period of three years subsequent to their rendition, the last one on 31 December, 1908.
The judgments were duly presented by the said J. M. Grantham, the assignee of them, to the plaintiff, as claims against his testator's estate, and the administrator, having doubts as to the justness thereof, agreed in writing to refer the same and all matters connected therewith to R. M. Robinson, under Revisal, sec. 92. The administrator pleaded the statute of limitations.
The referee found "that all of the judgments upon which the claim against the administrator is founded are more than ten years old, and were at the time of the death of Caesar Fort, but have been kept alive by successive executions issued within the time required by law." This being so, the referee held the land belonging to the estate liable to sale for the satisfaction of said claim, "upon issuance of execution and levy *504
upon said land under said judgments, although the judgments (433) are not a lien on the land until such levy, and although even after said levy all other liens or encumbrances have priority over the lien of the judgment acquired by such levy."
The administrator thereupon filed a petition to sell the land of the testator for assets, the personalty having been exhausted and there being a tract of 90 acres belonging to the estate, and the heirs and devisees were made defendants, but process had not been served upon some of them. An appeal was taken to the Superior Court, and Judge Daniels, on motion, ordered a stay of the proceedings and sale until the matter could be heard. "At the May Term of the Superior Court it was agreed by all parties to bring the matter up, by consent, to be heard by his Honor, W. M. Bond, and it was further agreed that all irregularities be waived; that all parties were properly before the court, and that the only issue to be determined by his Honor was whether or not the judgment hereinbefore referred to was barred by the statute of limitations. Upon this issue his Honor rendered the following judgment:
"This cause coming on to be heard upon the question as to whether or not the judgments, referred to in the papers, now claimed by J. M. Grantham, against Caesar Fort, are or are not barred by the Statute of limitations, it being admitted that the judgments sued on were docketed more than ten years before this suit was begun, and that no period of three years had elapsed without execution issued: Upon consideration of the argument of the counsel and the facts in the record, it is adjudged, ordered, and decreed by the court, that said claim is barred by the statute of limitations and is not a valid debt or claim against the estate of Caesar Fort. It is adjudged that each party pay his own costs of the proceedings. The finding of the referee on said question is reversed. Jury trial waived. "W. M. BOND, Judge."
The plaintiff excepted and appealed. He assigned but one error, viz. "The court erred, as matter of law, in holding that the judgments mentioned in the papers, being the claim of J. M. Grantham v. Caesar Fort, were barred by the statute of limitations."
After stating the case: It may be well questioned whether an appeal will lie at this stage of the proceedings, the order of sale and the ruling ofJudge Bond being interlocutory. It does not clearly appear whether there are debts other than the two judgments in *505
suit, but it is to be inferred from the allegations of the petition to sell the land, and recitals in the order of sale, that there are. JudgeBond simply passed upon the statute of limitations as to these (434) two judgments, and rendered no final judgment. However, following the course taken in Best v. Best,
The regular issue of executions within each period of three years prevents the judgment from becoming dormant, so as to avoid the necessity of applying to the court for special leave to issue execution under Revisal, sec. 620, but it does not prevent the bar of the statute of limitations, at the expiration of ten years from the rendition thereof under Revisal, sec. 391 (1). Sawyers v. Sawyers,
So that the plea of the statute of limitations was properly considered in this case by the Court, as to the administrator, and also as to the heirs and devisees, under the rule stated in Best v. Best,
Having settled the question of pleading and practice, we need not consider the legal force and effect of the award of Mr. Robinson, under the reference to him, or, in other words, whether it estopped the administrator or the heirs and devisees to plead the statute of limitations in bar of the judgment, or was conclusive against them upon that question. It may well be doubted if the referee intended to pass upon the application of the statute of limitations to the judgments, as he seems to have placed his decisionsolely upon the ground that, as executions *507 had issued on the judgments regularly within each successive period of three years, execution could be issued and levied on the land, notwithstanding the death of the debtor and the qualification of his administrator, and that the land could be sold thereunder, although the lien had expired, and there were prior liens or encumbrances on the land. If this question was referred to him by the parties, the (436) decision of it was erroneous, and it does not reach and cover the other question, as to the statute of limitations, which the referee did not pass upon. But all discussion and decision of this matter, as to the effect of the award, may be put out of the case, as the parties have clearly agreed to waive it, and to submit to the decision of the court, denovo, the single question as to the bar of the statute of limitations. This is shown by their agreement, copied into the above statement of the case and taken literally from the record, and by the judgment of the court, which distinctly and explicitly confines the decision solely to that question, as the only one submitted to it; and also by the exception and assignment of error by the appellant, who is the plaintiff in this case. This being so, we are of the opinion that there was no error in the decision below upon the case agreed, holding that the two judgments are barred, because this question has long since been settled by our decisions against plaintiff's contention, as appears from the authorities we have already cited.
The mere issuing of executions regularly and within the prescribed period of three years will prevent the dormancy of the judgment, so that executions may thereafter issue within the same period without motion; but it does not preserve or extend the lien beyond the ten years from the rendition of the judgment, nor does it stop the running of the statute of limitations, the bar of which is complete when the ten years have expired. Whenever the creditor must resort to a motion or other proceeding to enforce the judgment, as, for example, when he has waited more than three years before issuing an execution, or when the debtor dies, and he must prove his claim against the estate or bring an action upon it, and perhaps in some other instances, the defendant may plead the statute of limitations or other defensive matter.
There was no error in the ruling below.
Affirmed.
Cited: Pants Co. v. Mewborn,