128 N.H. 386 | N.H. | 1986
Memorandum Opinion
This is an appeal from decisions of the superior court in two consolidated actions. The first suit began in 1977 with a petition to quiet title to a strip of land, to which the plaintiffs claimed record title, lying adjacent to the disputed common boundary between plaintiffs’ and defendant’s properties in Thornton. Some six years later, the plaintiffs began the second action by petition to enjoin the defendant from exercising rights of ownership over a different parcel of ninety acres, which the defendant claimed to have obtained by deed from one Boyce in 1983, and which the plaintiffs claimed to be part of their tract. After a consolidated bench trial of the two cases, the Superior Court (Johnson, J.) found for the plaintiffs in each action. In these appeals the defendant raises issues of judicial discretion and evidentiary sufficiency, upon which we affirm.
The defendant first claims that the court erred in ordering consolidation of the actions for trial. We will reverse this ruling only for abuse of discretion. Assoc. Home Util’s, Inc. v. Town of Bedford, 120 N.H. 812, 815, 424 A.2d 186, 188-89 (1980). Upon filing the second action, the plaintiffs moved for consolidation, to which the defendant objected. At a pretrial hearing on the day before the
The second assignment of error challenges the court’s consideration of the plaintiffs’ claim of adverse possession of the ntnetyacre tract. The title history of the plaintiffs’ tract showed a deed of the property in question from the plaintiffs’ predecessor to Boyce in 1925, and a mortgage from Boyce back to the predecessor. The plaintiffs’ petition for injunction did not specifically allege their source of title; the defendant’s answer and cross-petition pleaded the deed from Boyce to the defendant and alleged in effect that any adverse use by plaintiffs had not ripened into title. The plaintiffs filed no replication to this. The defendant argues that the plaintiffs should have been foreclosed from claiming adverse possession for two reasons. First, they failed to plead it as an jLffirniatiye defense to the defendant’s claim of title under the Boyce deed. See Hewes v. Bruno, 121 N.H. 32, 33, 424 A.2d 1144, 1144-45 (1981) (rule of adverse possession derived from statute of limitations); Yeaton v. Skillings, 100 N.H. 316, 320, 125 A.2d 923, 926 (1956) (statute of limitations an affirmative defense to be raised either by plea or brief statement). Second, the plaintiffs’ failure-to-denv the defendant’s allegation that any adverse possession exercised over the property was insufficient to give rise to title was an admission to that effect. Although the plaintiffs’ pleadings were-deficient-in-failing either to raise adverse possession as an affirmative defense or to deny the defendant’s allegations, the trial court had discretion to consider the issue if the defendant was not surprised. See Blanchard v. Calderwood, 110 N.H. 29, 33, 260 A.2d 118, 121 (1969) (trial court
Finally, the defendant maintains that there was insufficient evidentiary support for the court’s conclusions that the defendant had not gained title of the boundary strip by adverse possession, but that the plaintiffs and their predecessors had thus perfected title to the ninety-acre parcel. We disagree. An examination of the record is sufficient to indicate that a reasonable trier of fact could have found as the court did. See McAllister v. Peerless Ins. Co., 124 N.H. 676, 679, 474 A.2d 1033, 1035 (1984). Briefly, the defendant’s evidence indicated only that he had walked the boundary strip of the wooded land in question from time to time, and at some point had made blazes on trees to delineate the northern boundary he claimed, and had marked trees for lumbering. The defendant made a passing reference to his payment of taxes on the strip, but the record includes no documentary evidence to that effect. Based on this evidence, the court could reasonably have found that the defendant failed to exercise such use and control over the disputed property as to acquire any interest by adverse possession, even given the nature of the property. See Page v. Downs, 115 N.H. 373, 375, 341 A.2d 767, 769 (1975).
As to the ninety-acre parcel, the plaintiffs presented evidence that both they and their predecessors had engaged in one or more of the following activities — logging, pruning, clearing, and sap and Christmas tree harvesting — for more than twenty years. These activities could have been found sufficient to support the plaintiffs’ claim of adverse possession, given the uses to which the property is adapted. See id.
Affirmed.