72 Ga. 725 | Ga. | 1884
This was an action in the statutory form for the -recovery of real estate and mesne profits, brought by the children of John R. Stanford, deceased, who, together with his widow, were his heirs at law. An abstract of his title was attached to the declaration, and on the trial, which took place at September term, 1883, of Habersham superior court, the plaintiffs showed their relationship to the deceased, as set forth in their pleading; that he was in possession of the premises in question, and had title thereto at the time of his death.
The defendants, in reply, insisted that Stanford, at the time of his death, was greatly involved in debt; that his
First. Because the decree conveyed no title out of Stan- ‘ ford’s estate and cannot operate as title to defendants.
Second. Because the decree did not bind plaintiffs, they not being parties to the bill.
Third. Because the pleadings in the bill filed by MeBurney & Company and Wiley, Banks & Company did not authorize such a decree, there being no prayer for such, and no allegation relative thereto.
Fourth. Because the court could not render such a decree, dividing out the lands in parcels, without any price being fixed thereon.
Sixth. Because the decree is void, on the ground that the court had no jurisdiction of either of the parties or the subject-matter
Seventh. Because the decree did not bind the plaintiffs, they not having been parties to the bill, nor having had any knowledge of the case being in court until long after said decree was rendered.
Eighth. Because, after the death of John R. Stanford^ the title to his real estate vested in his heirs at law, these plaintiffs, and could not be divested, except by regular sale as prescribed by law.
Ninth. Because the decree did not bind these plaintiffs, they not being parties thereto; neither can it be received as evidence against them in this case.
Tenth. The decree is void because the court transcended its authority in making it.
Eleventh. Because the defendants cannot go into a court of equity to exhaust the estate of John R. Stanford until after judgment and a return of nulla tona thereon to the execution.
Twelfth. The decree is void because Mrs. Stanford is not lawfully appointed administratrix on the estate of the deceased.
The decree and bill were admitted over these objections, as was also the defendants’ deed made thereunder, and the plaintiffs excepted
The plaintiffs also attacked the administration upon the estate of the intestate, and offered in evidence the record of the court of ordinary to show that Mrs. Stanford
The minutes were objected to by defendants’ counsel, and objection sus1#ined.
The evidence offered is as follows: A certified copy from the minutes of the court of ordinary of Habersham county, as follows:
“Minutes Court Ordinary, November Term, 1867—Present W. S. Erwin, Ordinary.
“Ordered that this court be adjourned until Monday the 11th day of November, 1867. W. S. Erwin, Ordinary.”
“Minutes Court, Ordinary Adjourned Term, November 11, 1867.
Whereas, Mrs. Cordelia S. L. St. Stanford, having hitherto made application to this court for letters of administration on the estate of John E, Stanford, deceased, and the application having been published the time prescribed by law, and no objection of file or otherwise having been made. It is ordered by the court that said letters be granted.” (Not signed by ordinary.)
“I, Cordelia S. L. Stanford, do swear that John E. Stanford, deceased, died without any will, so far as I know or believe, and that I will well and truly administer on the estate of said deceased, and discharge, to the best of my ability, all my duties as administrator, so help me God.
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this November 11th, 1867.
C. I. St. L. Stanford.”
“Ordinary’s Office, Georgia, Habersham County, Clarksville, Ga.
I, Eobert N. Groves, ordinary of said county, do hereby certify that the foregoing copy of order and oath is a correct copy from the minutes of this court.
Given under my hand and seal of office, this 16th day of November, 1881. Eobert N. Groves,
Ordinary, (LS.)”
Plaintiffs then offered Robert N. Groves, ordinary of said county, as a witness to prove- that there was no further evidence of record in said ordinary’s office of Mrs. Stanford’s qualification as administratrix of said estate, no bond or letters to be found of record;—which was, upon ob
Plaintiffs offered in evidence copies of the Southern Watchman, a newpaper published in Athens, Georgia, which contained the advertisement of the application of Mrs. Stanford for letters of administration upon the estate of John R. Stanford, which advertisement showed that the notice required by law had been published for twenty-five days, to the next regular term of the court, which was on the 4th day of November, 1887, which was, upon objection of defendants’ counsel, rejected by the court, and the plaintiffs excepted, and which advertisement is as follows:
“Georgia—Habersham County.
Whereas, Mrs. Cordelia D. Stanford applies to me for letters of administration on the estate of JohnR. Stanford, late of said county, deceased: These are therefore to cite all persons concerned, to show cause, if any they have, within the time prescribed by law, why said letters should not issue to the applicant. Given under my hand, this the second of October, 1867.
W. S. Erwin, Ordinary.”
October 9th, date of first insertion.
All of this was excluded by the court, and plaintiffs excepted.
There was a verdict for the defendants, and the plaintiffs filed their bill of exceptions, and assign the following errors upon the several rulings and charges of the court, made and given on the trial:
(1.) Because the court admitted the record, to-wit, the bill and decree, in evidence, over the objection of plaintiffs’ counsel thereto.
(2.) Because the court excluded the evidence attacking the appointment of the administratrix.
(3.) Because the court charged as follows : “ I charge that these plaintiffs cannot recover, if you find that this administratrix was then and is still acting as such, and has never been discharged. The right to recover is in the administratrix, unless the heirs at law allege and prove that she refuses to bring this suit.”
(i>.) Because the court charged as follows: “Whether the decree was valid or not, if W. S. Erwin went into possession bona fide under this decree, and he afterwards sold to these defendants, and they have been in peaceful, quiet and adverse possession of this- land for seven years before the bringing of this suit, then the decree would be color of title at least, and seven years of adverse possession bona fide, under color of title, and would bar the plaintiffs from recovery in this case.”
(6.) Because the court held “that, after the bill had been dismissed by the court for want of equity, and because there was an adequate remedy at common law, the superior court of1 Habersham county could take jurisdiction and re-instate said case and make the decree thereon.”
(7 ) Because the court held that, under the pleadings of the bill filed by Hyatt, McBurney & Co., the superior court of Habersham county had jurisdiction to divide out in kind the real estate of deceased among his creditors, by parcel, and without a sale, as provided by law relating to the sale of intestate estates, and further holding that the minor Children of said Stanford, and the other children, who are married women and not parties to said bill, were bound by the decree thereon, and that the title to said real estate was divested by said decree.
This being one of a number of cases brought by the plaintiffs against different defendants to recover most of the landed estate which was claimed to be in their anees • tor at his death, and all depending upon the same principles, has been fully, ably and exhaustibly. argued, and our decision is invoked upon all the questions made, with a view to the settlement of the entire litigation growing out of the administration and distribution of the intestate's
1. The grounds- insisted upon by the plaintiffs in argument are, first, that the grant of letters of administration on the estate of Stanford was void, in that there was no petition filed making application for the same • that the citation, upon which the letters were granted, was published only twenty-five days previous to the commencement of the regular term of the court of ordinary, at the adjourned term of which the administration was granted and the administratrix was qualified by taking and subscribing the oath, it not appearing that she gave the bond also required by the statute. That the party appointed acted in the administration, and by means thereof brought back to the estate the property involved an this litigation, and which had been parted with by the intestate in his lifetime, is aaot questioned. Where the appointanent was used to collect the effects of the estate, it is treated as valid; and if available for that purpose, it would seem that it should be equally so for the purpose of distributing them aanong the persons entitled thereto; this only by way of general remark. The precise question we are called upon to determine is, whether this is, for any or all the causes assigned, a void or merely an irregular or voidable administration.
It is true that in Fisschesser vs. Thompson, 45 Ga., 459, a majority of this court held that an application for a twelve month’s support of the family of a deceased person should be made by a petition in writing, and notice should be given to the representative of the estate, if there be one, and the order of the ordinary should always recite the names of the persons notified, and that when the order of the ordinary failed to recite these prerequisites, the judgment was void as against creditors of the deceased, who had no notice of the application, and they might attack it whenever and whereyer presented. . This
This is a very different question from that determined in Head vs. Bridges, 67 Ga., 227, where it appeared affirmatively from the recitals in the judgment, that the court rendering it had not taken the steps requisite to confer upon it jurisdiction to act in the matter; this court held the proceeding void, but had there been no such recital their holding would have been otherwise. See Id., 233, where the authorities are collated and commented on by Crawford, J., as well as the concurring opinion of Jackson,
What has been already said applies with equal force to the other grounds of objection to this administration.
It is quite true that the order appointing the administratrix does not recite that she gave the bond required by law, but from that omission it cannot be inferred that she did not give it, nor could the j udgment that appointed her be collaterally attacked by proof going to show a non-compliance in this respect.
If the administration was granted upon an insufficient citation, as to the length of time it was published, this fact could not be shown collaterally. 67 Ga., 103, 106 ; 65 Id., 412. If, however, the grant was made out of term, and that fact was made to appear, it would render it void-Bell vs. Love, this term. But such is not the case here; it was made at an adjournment of a regular term of the court, and when so made the citation had been published the requisite length of time. The citation should be published for thirty days, and at the first regular term after the expiration of that time, it should be heard or regularly continued. Code, §2503. If the time of publication expires during the continuance of the regular term, would action upon the application be in order at any subsequent term, unless it was regularly continued ? This may be doubtful. The question, then, is, must the time of publication of the citation expire before the first day of the term ? No case has been produced directly to that effect, and the law regulating the times at which the terms of the court of ordinary are to be held, the keeping open the office of the ordinary and the business he may transact between terms, together with the adjournments of the regular terms of that court, might lead us to a conclusion somewhat different from that insisted on by the plaintiffs. These courts are required to be held on the first Monday of each month by the ordinary. Code, §4111. This official is required to keep his office open for the transaction of all business,
If not the identical question here presented, one bearing a close and almost perfect analogy to it was determined by this court in Smith et al. vs. Thompson, 3 Ga., 23, and afterwards cited and approved, 58 Ga., 208, 211. The principle in those cases to some extent controls this, and makes this grant of administration, so far as concerns the publication of the application for the same, sufficiently regular and legal to save it from being treated as a mere nullity.
If the publication of the citation should have run full thirty days prior to the commencement of the term, in order to perfect service of the process, and we are of opinion that this is the proper practice, then the notice did not fulfill the requirements of the law, but was an imperfect attempt to do so, and had objection been made, no judgment could have been properly .rendered on it at the ádjourned term. Like similar cases of defective service of process returnable to the superior court, it would, under the law, have gone over to the next succeeding term, yet
The cases of McGee vs. Ragan, 9 Ga., 135, and Torrance vs. McDougald, 12 Id., 526, cited by the learned and indefatigable counsel for plaintiffs, seem to us distinguishable from this in essential particulars. In each of them it affirmatively appeared from the proceed-ings that other persons than those making application for the administration, and in whose names the citation was issued and published, were appointed after a term or more had intervened between that at which the applicants should have received their appointment, and when the appointment was made. Consequently the administrations were granted without citation or notice, and were rightly held to be void.
This administration was taken out in 1867, and up to this hour no direct attack has been made upon it; nor until this trial, which occurred in 1883, was it even collaterally assailed. During this long period many and important rights have vested under it in innocent parties ; and it would require a very clear and strong case to justify any court in overturning it, a case of fraud, actual and intentional upon the part of the claimants of rights under it, fully as strong and clear as that presented by the case of McArthur and another vs. Matthewson and another, 67 Ga., 134, 144. The record presents ho such case for relief, either in a court of law or a court of equity.
2. The decree from which the defendant Kimsey derives title, which was entered in 1872, was, at the trial of the present case, objected to as void, because there were no allegations or statements, nor any prayers in the bill upon which
That the court of equity of Habersham county had jurisdiction concurrently with the court of ordinary, both of the subject matter and parties, is evident from §2600 of the Code. 45 Ga., 97 ; 50 Id., 264. The defects in the stating part of the bill and in the prayer, as well as the objections to which the decree is open, amount to great irregularities, but do not render the proceeding void, at least as to persons acquiring thereunder bona fide. 50 Ga., 566 ; 53 Id., 209. This court in Moss and others vs. The Southwestern Railroad Company and others, 53 Ga., 514, went much further than the exigencies of this case require in protecting the rights of parties who were not so clearly shown to have been bona fide purchasers as was this defendant, under a decree founded upon proceedings much more anomalous and irregular than in the present instance; the deciee in that case was declared irregular and unwise, but not void.
The administrator of Stanford was a party to the bill, and consented to the decree. His distributees, whether minors, or married women, or adults, were represented by her, and in the absence of collusio . between her and the other parties, which is not pretended, are bound by the
By this decree, these plaintiffs received benefits which they could not have obtained without liberal concessions made by the creditors of their father. By it his debts were paid out of his effects, and provision was made, by way of homestead and exemption, for the family. These debts were created prior to the enactment of our present liberal exemption and homestead law, and were much in excess of the assets liable to their payment. This decree has remained undisturbed for eleven years, and were it never set aside, it would probably be impossible to put the ■ parties to it in statu quo, and if this were practicable, it • would not inure to the benefit of those complaining of it.. We think that they would be seriously hurt by such a. course ; that the strict legal administration which it would necessitate would deprive them of the advantage thereby obtained. It would unsettle rights upon which others have ■ securely reposed, and render unstable the judgments and decrees of courts rendered for the final settlement of such. rights.
Statutes of limitation have ever been regarded as measures of repose; the law has been aptly characterized as salubérrima lex. In furtherance of this policy, all bills of review, or for a new trial, in a court of equity (unless the latter be founded on proof of perjury in a material witness ■ for the prevailing party), must be brought within three • years after the judgment or decree has been rendered.Code, §2919. Code, §4220, prescribes the same limitation, as to bills of review, pure and simple, and excepts from ¡ the bar cases of infancy, coverture, imprisonment and. insanity, but requires them to be brought within three-years from the removal of either of those disabilities.
3. The settlement of these questions dispenses with the necessity of considering and determining others made by this second. It is immaterial whether the defendant s •deed be good color of title upon which to found an adverse 'holding, or whether the plaintiffs are authorized to maintain their suit, irrespective of the rights or action of the adm.n. istrator. We find no error in any of the rulings or charges •of the judge, of which the plaintiffs have complained.
Judgment affirmed.