43 Kan. 64 | Kan. | 1890
Opinion by
On the 15th of July, 1887, the plaintiff in error commenced this action in the district court of Finney county. He filed his petition, bond for costs, an affidavit for publication, a precipe for a summons by publication, and an affidavit for an order of attachment. The clerk of the district court issued an order of attachment, and it was levied on certain real estate situate in Finney county. A summons by publication was made, the affidavit of the printer showing that the notice first appeared in the issue of July 21, and the last in the issue of August 11, 1887. On the 16th day of January, 1888, the attorneys of the defendant in error entered a special appearance, and filed a motion to discharge the attachment issued in the case, for the specific reason that it was issued before said action was commenced, that no summons has ever been issued in this action, and the court has not acquired jurisdiction over the person of the defendant; and cannot render a judgment against the property of the defendant under said order of attachment. This motion was-sustained; and to reverse this order the plaintiff brings the case here.
The pith and marrow of the contention here, and in the court below, that procured the order discharging the attachment, is this: It is said that an attachment cannot rightfully issue before the action (of which it is only an incident) is commenced, and that the only mode known to our code of civil procedure, by which an action is commenced, is by filing a petition and causing a summons to issue thereon. It is not contended that the summons must have been served or returned, but only that it shall have been issued. This con
It will be observed that there are different provisions of the code prescribing the time at which an action is to be deemed commenced. Section 81 provides that for the purpose of Us pendens, the action is pending the moment the petition is filed, if a summons be served or the first publication made within sixty days after the filing of the petition; the service of the summons or the first publication, relating back to the filing of the petition. Article 3 of the code treats of the time within which civil actions are to be commenced to avoid the bar of the statute of limitations; and § 20 of that article provides, that within the meaning of this article, an action shall be deemed commenced at the date of the summons that is personally served or the date of the first publication, if a summons is served or a first publication made within sixty days. If the construction contended for be applied to this section of the code, it is impossible to have an order of attachment against a non-resident defendant, for as to him the action shall be deemed to be commenced at the date of the first publication, and yet that publication must notify him that his real estate has been attached in the action. (Code of Civil Procedure, §74; Cohen v. Trowbridge, 6 Kas. 385.) It is of the essence of things that an attachment which is an incident of a lawsuit, cannot be had until the suit is commenced. Under this provision, in regard to the time within which an action must be commenced in order to avoid the bar of the statute of limitations, the action is not deemed com
“That for the purpose of the attachment the action is to be deemed to have been commenced at the time of the filing of the petition, the precipe and the affidavit for the order of*69 attachment, and that the order of attachment will not be held to be invalid because issued before any action was commenced.”
It is also expressly said in the body of the opinion “that § 20 of the civil code has application only to the statute of limitations,” but even that section provides that —
“An attempt to commence an action shall be deemed equivalent to the commencement thereof, within the meaning of this article, when the party faithfully, properly and diligently endeavors to procure a service, but such attempt must be followed by the first publication or service of the summons within sixty days.”
One of the causes for an attachment as stated in § 190 of the code is, that the defendant is a non-resident of the state, and provision is made for the constructive service of a summons on the non-resident. It is also provided that when any one of the numerous causes for attachment exists at the time of the commencement of the action, an order of attachment can be had. Now in view of these various provisions, it would be an absolute absurdity to hold that before an attachment can issue against an absent defendant, on the ground that he is a non-resident of the state, an effort must be made by the sheriff of the county in which the order of attachment is issued, to personally serve a summons upon such non-resident. In view of all these complications and absurdities, we think the proper construction to be given to § 57 of the code is, that when a petition is filed and a summons served, or the first publication is made within sixty days, such service or first publication relates back to the time of the filing of the petition and precipe and other necessary papers, and by such relation the suit is to be deemed to have been commenced at the date of their filing.
“When we consider that the chief utility of an attachment consists in the writ being served in time to prevent a delinquent debtor from placing his property beyond the reach of his creditor, it would be unfortunate indeed if the writ would not issue until the debtor should have notice of the proceedings by the service of a summons.” (Raynolds v. Fay, 12 Col. 108, 20 Pac. Rep. 4; Schuster v. Rader, Col., 22 id. 505.)
By the Court: It is so ordered.