Fuller, J.

As a complete defense to this action on a promissory note by an alleged indorsee for value before maturity, it is stated in the answer'that Marcus P. Beebe, to whom such note was executed and delivered without consideration, still owns the same, “and that the transfer, if any, of said *419note to plaintiff, was colorable, merely, and without consideration. ” By way of counterclaim and cross-complaint against Marcus P. Beebe, who is not a party to the action, the facts and circumstances of extensive and complicated land transactions between him and the defendant are averred, and an accounting between such parties, together with other equitable and affirmative relief, is prayed for. By an order denying .a motion to make Mr. Beebe a codefendant, and require him to answer the cross complaint, the trial court prevented the conversion of an action at law into one in equity, and from such order the defendant has appealed.

Section 95 of the Revised Code of Civil Procedure provides that “when a complete determination of a controversy cannot be had without the presence of other parties the court must cause them to be brought in,” and in construing an identical statutory provision it is said in New York “that it was never intended to make it incumbent upon a plaintiff in an action at law to sue any others than the parties he should choose.” It is further held, in effect, that the expression “a complete determination of the controversy” relates only to persons not parties to a suit in equity, whose rights must be ascertained and settled before the rights of the parties to the suit can be determined, and a plaintiff demanding judgment for nothing but money can never be compelled to bring in other parties defendant, and thereby change the nature of his action, as well as the character of the testimony required. Chapman v. Forbes, 123 N. Y. 532, 26 N. E. 3. To the same effect are the following cases: Webster v. Bond, 9 Hun. 437; McMahon, Adm’r, etc. v. Allen, 12 How. Prac. 39; Sawyer v. Chambers, 11 Abb. Prac. 110, In Cooper v. Bank, 9 Colo. App. *420169, 47 Pac. 1041, the court, construing a similar statute in a case like this, say: “In cases of this kind a person necessarily a party defendant must be one whose interests are adverse to the claims of the plaintiff, who can be joined for the purpose of interposing some defense to impeach the note in the hands of plaintiff and prevent a recovery. I can find no authority in the Code for the making of defendants in this way in this kind of a case, and under the circumstances, and without express authority or authority clearly implied, there is no warrant for it; and the court erred in making appellant a defendant, and in overruling the motion of appellant’s counsel to dismiss.” So, in Heaton v. Lynch, 11 Ind. App. 408, 38 N. E. 224: “A defendant to an action cannot insist that a new party defendant be brought in to settle a controversy purely among the defendants, which does not affect the plaintiff.” The refusal to make Marcus P. Beebe a codefendant finds support in Carroll v. Fethers, 82 Wis. 67, 51 N. W. 1128, where it is held, in substance, that a provision like ours, being for the benefit of persons not served, may be waived, and it was held error to grant such a motion as the trial court denied in this action.

Proof of the allegation that the promissory note made the basis of this action was executed without consideration, and is still the property of Mr. Beebe, would constitute a complete defense to the action, and no other parties are essential to a determination of any question at issue.

Upon principle and authority, the order appealed from should be affirmed, and it is so ordered.