112 So. 438 | Ala. | 1927
The rules for giving or refusing affirmative instruction requested need not be repeated. The same are stated and authorities collected in McMillan v. Aiken,
The action was for rents by a purchaser of land at a mortgage foreclosure; the same falling due after the foreclosure and transferred or assigned before that event. The defendant is not a tenant, but a third person purchasing the rent notes, and the basis of the suit is for money received and which it is alleged ex æquo et bono belongs to the plaintiff. Christie v. Durden,
The mortgage to Kelly by Owens, Shorter, White, and Bell, matured and was unpaid on March 10, 1915. The mortgagee died (March 8, 1923), and his personal representative, Walsh, on March 27, thereafter, came into possession of that mortgage as the personal representative of Kelly, and it was foreclosed; that date being adverted to in the argument of counsel as April 28, 1924.
Plaintiff offered in evidence the foreclosure deed effective as of date of April 28, 1924, which was excluded by the court on defendant's objection. The evidence otherwise showed that the land described in the mortgage was sold under the power contained in the mortgage; that plaintiff (appellee) was the purchaser prior to the date the said deed was executed; that after said foreclosure, in May of said year, the several tenants were given notice of the foreclosure, and would be expected to pay rent to the purchaser; and that like notice was given to the defendant as the assignee of said rent notes. The evidence was to the effect that in the fall of the same year defendant bank collected on rent notes, maturing in October, 1924, $67.50 from Amos and $145 of Owens on said lands as rent for the year 1924, and the tenant Tooson testified he rented a part of the land from Owens for $110, and paid that sum to the Bank of Moundville. The officials of the bank claimed to have purchased the notes from the mortgagors before the date of foreclosure.
In Wootten v. Vaughn,
"Rent is an incident of the reversion, and if land is conveyed before the rent falls due without a reservation, the party who owns it at the time is entitled to it, but rent may be reserved from the reversion by the owner if he assigns the rent note before sale of the land, either by his own conveyances or under legal proceeding, whereby the rent is severed, and the purchaser does not acquire it."
The decision in Hughes Tidwell Supply Co. v. Carr,
The general rules obtaining in this jurisdiction as to leases on mortgaged lands are according to its facts (1) where the mortgage is subject to the lease; and (2) where the lease is subject to the mortgage. In the first instance (where the mortgage is subject to the lease) in this jurisdiction, where the mortgage gives the mortgagee a defeasible legal estate, it operates as a transfer of the reversion to the mortgagee (as the transferee of that reversion), who is entitled after law day, default, or forfeiture, to receive rent, income, and profits from the time when by proper entry on the land, by notice (as required by law), or proceedings to the tenant, the intention to claim it is specifically manifested. Jackson v. Farley,
In the case where the lease is subject to the mortgage, the stated rule in this jurisdiction is that "a tenant is not liable, to a mortgagee out of possession, for rent accruing under a lease made subject to the mortgage by a mortgagor in possession, though the mortgage operates as a grant of legal title"; there being no privity of estate between the mortgagee and the tenant. The leading cases are Comer v. Sheehan,
"The plaintiff bases his right of recovery, as we have said, both upon the fact of being mortgagee and purchaser, at his own sale, of the equity of redemption. The defense of the tenant is based on the theory, that the plaintiff is not entitled to the rents as mortgagee, because he has never demanded them; nor as purchaser, because there is no privity of contract between them as landlord and tenant, and, if liable at all, that he is liable only for mesne profits, or use and occupation from the time of notice given, which was on the 27th day of November, 1883. The rights of the mortgagor in the mortgaged premises are well settled. He is regarded as owner of the property, as against all persons except the mortgagee and those claiming under him. Allen v. Kellam,
And, under that phase of the evidence that he could recover rents as purchaser at his own foreclosure sale, it is held:
"When a mortgagee becomes the purchaser at his own sale under a power in the mortgage, the sale is valid as between the parties, notwithstanding the statute of frauds, unless set aside within two years; and, if the land is in the possession of a tenant, under a lease executed by the mortgagor subsequent to the mortgage, statutory notice to him by the mortgagee, as such purchaser, 'vests in him the right to the possession in the same manner as if such tenant had attorned to him' (Code [of 1876] § 2878); but, while he may, possibly, thereby acquire a right to maintain an action for future use and occupation, he cannot recover rents past due and unpaid, which the mortgagor had already transferred to another."
The statute adverted to is the same (in respects here material) as § 5747, Code of 1907. And in Drakford v. Turk,
"The question, therefore, now raised is whether a mortgagee, giving notice to the tenant of the mortgagor, that he claims the rent falling due in the future, by virtue of the notice, becomes the landlord of the tenant, entitled to the statutory lien on the crops grown on the rented premises for the payment of the rent, and can by process of attachment enforce the lien. The question must be answered negatively. There is no relation of privity or contract between the mortgagee and the tenant; and if there is a relation arising between them which can be denominated that of landlord and tenant, it arises only by implication of law. The statute contemplates only the conventional relation of landlord and tenant, subsisting because of the contract between the parties. It has not been construed as extending to the relation when arising by implication or operation of law, working an entire change of the party standing according to the contract in the relation of landlord. Tucker v. Adams,
The foregoing should illustrate the facts before us. They should not be confused with controversies where no rights of parties to a mortgage are directly involved, as in Greenwood v. Bennett,
In Young v. Garber,
In American Freehold Land Mortg. Co. v. Turner,
"After the law day of the mortgage, the tenants of the mortgagor who have become such after the execution of the mortgage are not the tenants of the mortgagee. The mortgagee's relations to the tenants of the mortgagor, under such circumstances, are entirely different from those which exist between a lessee and his tenants and a mortgagee of the leased premises where the mortgage was made after the contract of lease and tenancy, and before the lease had expired. In the former case, the lease is subordinate to the mortgage; in the latter, the mortgage is subordinate to the lease. The mortgagor *120 may claim the rents after the law day, and after notice may recover the rent which accrues thereafter; but the right to recover rents in such cases does not grow out of the relation of landlord and tenant. It is the right to recover for the use and occupation of his premises, the value of which is fixed by the rental agreement, where he gives notice that he will claim the rents. The tenants, by attorning to the purchaser or mortgagee, may create, as between them, the relationship of landlord and tenant; but, if the tenants refuse to do so, and deny his right to the possession or the rents, there is no contract of tenancy, express or implied. The lien given by statute is an incident to tenancy created by contract, express or implied. Under the statute, it may be enforced by attachment at the suit of the landlord, or his assignee; but the right of attachment to enforce the landlord's lien is not given by the statute to one who has no relation of privity, or contract with the tenant."
And, referring to section 1880 of the Code of 1886, the same as section 5747 of the Code of 1907, the court said:
"Section 1880 declares that, if the land is in possession of the debtor, on demand he must deliver it to the purchaser. 'If in the possession of a tenant, notice to the tenant vests the right to the possession in him, in the same manner as if the tenant had attorned to him.' The latter clause was not intended to create the relation of landlord and tenant between the purchaser and the tenant of the mortgagor. To so hold would lead to the conclusion, that a mortgagor, by a letting subsequent to the mortgage, could invest his tenant with a greater interest than he himself possessed. Followed out, it would enable the mortgagor, by a long lease for an inconsiderable consideration, to defeat entirely the security of the mortgage. We have uniformly held, as the authorities cited above show, and to which many others might be added, that a mortgagor is a mere tenant at sufferance of the mortgagee, who may treat him and his tenants as trespassers, and evict them at pleasure. This could not be the case, if the law legally imposed the relation of landlord and tenant. So contracts relative to the mortgaged property, subsequent to the mortgage, by every principle of law are subordinate to it, and the mortgagee's right of entry."
In Ensley Mortgage Realty Co. v. Lewis,
Count 5 does not aver any written demand was given the tenants or assignees, holding as such before foreclosure. The suit was not that for use and occupation, but in the nature for rent collected by assignee of rent notes made before foreclosure.
The court was in error in giving affirmative charge for plaintiff to recover the respective amounts as rents or paid to assignee as rents.
Reversed and remanded.
ANDERSON, C. J., and SOMERVILLE and BROWN, JJ., concur.