delivered the opinion of the Court.
This appeal arises from a suit by a judgment creditor to void a transfer of real property by its judgment debtor. At the conclusion of the creditor’s case, the chancellor found that the debtor had no equity in the property transferred, thus precluding a finding of fraudulent intent, and granted the debtor’s motion to strike the evidence of the creditor. The issue we consider is whether the chancellor erred in granting the motion to strike. Because the creditor pled and presented a prima facie case sufficient to prove both a void fraudulent transfer, Code § 55-80, and a voidable voluntary transfer, Code § 55-81, we reverse.
The following material facts are not in dispute. Bradley Investments, Ltd. (Bradley) initially purchased the property in question on July 1, 1988, from Howard F. and Alpha T. Hancock (the Hancocks) in exchange for a $1,000,000 purchase mоney note secured by a deed of trust. Contemporaneously with its acquisition of the property, Bradley further encumbered the property with a second deed of trust to secure a $4,200,000 acquisition and development line of credit from Home Federal Savings Bank (the bank).
In October, 1991, Bradley became indebted to Balzer and Associates, Inc. (Balzer). Balzer received a judgment against Bradley in the amоunt of $28,773.48 plus fees and prospective interest on April 20, 1992.
Prior to February, 1992, Bradley was in default on its debt to the Hancocks on the purchase money note and the bank for funds expended from the acquisitiоn and development line of credit. On February 4, 1992, Robert A. Conner (Conner), president of Bradley and husband of its principal owner, purported to transfer the property to The Lakes on 360, Inc. (The Lakes), whiсh at that time had not received its corporate charter. Conner received a check made out to him personally for $5,000 as part of the transaction.
On February 20, 1992, six days after The Lakes rеceived a corporate charter showing that the corporation was controlled by the Hancocks, Conner, by quitclaim deed, again purported to *530 transfer the property to The Lаkes in order to correct a mistake in the February 4, 1992 deed. No additional consideration was exchanged.
On May 11, 1992, Balzer filed a Bill of Complaint seeking to void the transfer of the property, naming as dеfendants Bradley and The Lakes (jointly, the defendants). Balzer specifically alleged that “. . . no consideration whatever passed from THE LAKES ON 360, INC. to Bradley for the Deed[s]; that Bradley would be rendered insolvent by the conveyance of the Property purportedly conveyed by the Deeds; [and] that the same [were] made to hinder, delay and defraud [Balzer] and other creditors.” In its prayer for relief, Bradley аsked that the deeds “be declared void and of no effect.” At trial, Conner testified that the $5,000 payment was made directly to him since Bradley was no longer a going concern.
It was further adduced through testimоny or by stipulation that Bradley was insolvent at the time of the transfer; the Hancocks were Conner’s uncle and aunt; The Lakes took the conveyance with the understanding that the property was subject tо foreclosure by the Hancocks and the bank owning the deed of trust securing the acquisition and development loan; the outstanding amounts of the two loans exceeded $4,000,000; The Lakes was aware that additional mechanic’s liens suits were pending against Bradley at the time of the conveyance; following the transfer, The Lakes obtained an additional $1,000,000 loan secured by the property; and, therеafter, the Hancocks subordinated their deed of trust to that of the bank.
At the conclusion of Balzer’s case-in-chief, the defendants moved to strike the evidence. The chancellor, while conсluding that the conveyance was “certainly questionable,” nonetheless found that, as “the property had no equity in it at the time of the transfer,” there was insufficient evidence of fraud on the part of Conner acting as an agent for Bradley to support voiding the transfer. On that basis, he granted defendants’ motion to strike and dismissed Balzer’s Bill of Complaint with prejudice.
The chancellor erroneously based his ruling on the presumption that the transfer was voidable only upon a showing of actual fraud. In Virginia, an existing creditor may seek to void a transfer of property by the debtor under one of two theories. The trаnsfer can be alleged to have been made for the purposes of delaying, hindering, or defrauding the debtor’s just creditors, both
*531
existing and future. Such transactions are fraudulent acts and are void excеpt against bona fide transferees without knowledge of the fraudulent intent. Code § 55-80;
see also Consolidated Tramway Co. v. Germania Bank,
In the alternative, the transfer can be alleged to have been made without receipt by the debtor of “consideration deemed valuable in law” while the debtor was, or as a result of the transfer became, insolvent. Code §55-81. In such cases, fraud or other malicious intent is not an element required to prove the voidability of the transfer.
See Consolidated Tramway,
Here, Balzer’s allegations in the Bill of Complaint and the nature of the relief sought adequately pled alternative theories of fraudulent and voidable voluntary transfer in the context of Codе §§ 55-80 and -81. The requirements for stating a cause of action are not so strict as to demand specificity beyond that necessary to “clearly [inform] the opposite party of the true nature of thе claim or defense” pled. Rule 1:4(d);
see also
Code § 8.01-275;
cf. Fox v. Deese,
It is firmly еstablished that, in considering a motion to strike a party’s evidence, the chancellor must view the evidence
*532
and all reasonable inferences arising therefrom in the light most favorable to the non-mоving party. Any reasonable doubt about the sufficiency of the evidence must be resolved in favor of the non-moving party.
Shepherd
v.
Colton,
237 Va 537, 540,
We first consider whether the motion to strike should have been sustained with respect tо the allegation of fraudulent transfer pursuant to Code § 55-80. The chancellor based his ruling on the finding that Bradley had no equity, actual or “of redemption”, in the property. Balzer asserts that, since no evidеnce of the actual value of the property was adduced at trial, this finding is not supported by the record. We agree with Balzer.
Without direct evidence of the present value of the land, including thе improvements which had been made since its acquisition, the mere fact of Bradley’s insolvency was insufficient to establish that it had no equity in the property. Moreover, the evidence available tо the chancellor, including the original maximum credit available through the acquisition and development loan, the fact of improvements to the property which were subject to the mechaniс’s liens, and the additional development money available to The Lakes upon its acquisition of the property, would, under the standard of review described above, support the reasonable inference of the property having value at or above the established level of the encumbrances upon it.
In light of the close familial relationship between the parties, the apрarent absence of adequate consideration, and the absence of certain evidence concerning the value of the property, we hold that Balzer made out a prima facie case of a fraudulent transfer and that the chancellor thus erred in granting the motion to strike under this theory of recovery.
Similarly, Balzer’s evidence, viewed in this light, would have supported a finding of a voluntary transfer by an insolvent debtor without consideration valuable in law. The transfer from Bradley to The Lakes did not extinguish the debt to the Hancocks. Rather, the transfer occurred with the understanding that the property remained subjеct to foreclosure by the Hancocks. In addition, the $5,000 payment was made to Conner individually and not to Bradley. Finally, in the absence of direct evidence establishing that the value of the propеrty did not exceed the indebtedness against it, the remaining evidence, when viewed in the light most favorable to Balzer, suggests a lack of considera *533 tion to Bradley valuable in law. Such a transfer would be void as to Balzer, аn existing creditor, since it left the debtor insolvent and was not made for valuable consideration in law. Accordingly, the chancellor erred in striking the evidence as to this theory of recovery.
Once a party has established a
prima facie
casе in support of its claim that a transfer is voidable, the burden of producing evidence to rebut the
prima facie
case shifts to the opposing party. We cannot say whether the defendants would have been able, given the opportunity to present evidence of the value of the property and of the consideration received by Bradley for the transfer, to rebut Balzer’s evidence, or at least bring intо equipoise the ultimate questions of fraudulent intent pursuant to Code § 55-80, and lack of valuable consideration at law pursuant to Code § 55-81.
See Pullen
v.
Fagan,
Accordingly, we will reverse the summary judgment and remand the proceeding for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded.