39 Md. 251 | Md. | 1874
delivered the opinion of the Court.
This suit was brought to recover damages for the destruction of the plaintiff’s property by fire from the engines of the defendant.
The question presented by the first exception, is whether it was competent for the plaintiff to prove that none of the hands or employes of the defendant were present aiding and assisting in putting out the fire, the plaintiff stating at the time that he proposed to follow it by proving that a gang of ten or twelve men employed for the purpose of repairs on the section of the road where the fire occurred were absent not on business of the Company. This evidence was offered to prove negligence on
The ’Cburt 'erred al?o we, think, ip. refusing to ^strike 1 oú't'So'm'üch óf’the*.testimony of, tpe, witnesses*-Rice :and'Sálmóh,"in regard* to | the, valu,a.tion , of.-the*-propertyde^ stfoye'd,‘as'was Based upon.thp ..representations ’of*other'persons',1 and'nol upop their.qwn kpowledge, ■- T-hes'e wit- •’ ne'sses’had' testified in regard to an appraisement .of the u property; made 'By them previous to the trial, hut upon
.[Tbe counsel, are -in-'error in: supposing1 the motion to ■strike, out-theeanswer1 of 'the' witnesses came too ^ate. .Where.a question, improper-in-itsdlf, .is asked, objection thereto must-be made before it ismiiswe'red, but where the .question,i$ a properione', and the a’n'swci1 'thereto improper, (it.,is; the duty .of the. Court; on haolion, to exclude the qnswer from the jury.‘ ’
It was¡ urged, however, that the error of the Qourt in tlijs respect constitutes n'o ground for reversal of the judgment, because it,is contended that 'the value of the property, destroyed iwas- fully proven by 'other' witnesses. I>ut in a case of this- kind,.' where the jury is to ascertain the value of..the property 'in’questibip it is impossible for, qs to, sqy how far,, or .to What extent, "their determination, qf the.sqme-was. affected by the'evidence thus objected to, qnd,w,hich;,ought to have béen excluded. ‘
. The, objection.’to'the que’stio'n as1 to'the usage of-the: defendant tb’the construction 'and- condition op. i^s. engines,.was..properly sustained'.’ ‘If the' property of the plaintiff .was destroyed by1 fife'from the engines of the defendant,, it, w.as incumbent bn‘the¡ Tatter'to prove that, it(s engines were properly1 eohstfucted’ and in sgood condition, a,nd .evidence of mere usage oh the part of the defendantjn .regard'to'the1 samé, would.'iiot necessarily prove, nqr was it-tbe :best evidence to ptóve, tbe actual constructiqn, and .condition of-its engine’. ’ The usage of the company migh t require; that''all'the engines used c>n its road should be ^constructed in;a certain manner,’ but it would by no.mbans follow that1 the requirements of the company
In sustaining the objection to this question however, the Court erred in restricting the defendant to the proof of the condition of its engines on the day of the fire. The fact that they had been examined even on a day prior to the fire and found to lie in proper repair, although not perhaps conclusive proof of their condition on the day of the fire, was evidence, we think, to go to the jury to aid them in determining their actual condition on the day the fire occurred. The weight to be given to such evidence was a matter exclusively for the jury.
The law governing the case, we think, was fairly submitted to the jury. If the property mentioned in the declaration was destroyed by fire from the defendant’s locomotive, the plaintiff was entitled to recover the value of the same, unless the defendant proved to the satisfaction of the jury, that' the fire was occasioned without any negligence on its part. On the other hand, if the jury should find that the defendant exercised reasonable care and prudence, — if its engines were properly constructed and in good condition, and managed by competent and skilful persons in a careful and prudent manner, and its road-bed was in proper condition, then the plaintiff was not entitled to recover.
The defendant’s second, fourth, fifth, seventh, eighth and tenth prayers were properly rejected, because they required the Court to instruct the jury that there was no negligence on the part of the defendant, if its engines were properly constructed and provided with suitable fixtures for preventing injuries by fire, and were placed in charge of prudent and discreet persons. Now, it does not' necessarily follow, because the engines were placed in the hands of competent and discreet persons, that such persons used and managed them in a skilful and prudent manner. A person, ordinarily prudent and careful, may
The question presented by the sixth and sixteenth prayers of the defendant, as to the right of the plaintiff to recover if the jury should find the fire began on the roadbed of the defendant, and then spread to the land of the plaintiff, has been fully considered by this Court in The Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad Company vs. Gantt, ante, p. 115. In this, as in that case, the land of the plaintiff adjoined the railroad bed of the defendant, and, according to the rule there laid down, the destruction of the plaintiff’s property was the natural and necessary consequence of the fire kindled on the road-bed of the defendant. The fact then that the fire may have begun on the road-bed of the defendant, and thence spread to the adjoining property of the plaintiff, does not bring this case within the well established rule, that a party cannot recover for injuries resulting remotely from the wrongful act of the defendant, — “ Causa próxima, non remota spectator. ”
The fourteenth and fifteenth prayers were also properly rejected. There is a well recognized distinction in regard to the degree or quantity of proof in the trial of civil and criminal causes. In the latter, the presumption of innocence is so strong, that the law in favor of life and liberty requires the fact of criminality to be established, to the exclusion of every other reasonable hypothesis, or, in other words, to a moral certainty. In mere civil disputes, however, where no violation of the law is in question, and no legal presumption operates in favor of either party, the preponderance of probability, due regard being had to the burden of proof, may constitute sufficient
We find no error in the rejection of the seventeenth prayer. There was evidence legally sufficient, tending to prove that the fire originated from the engines of the defendant, and the Court properly refused to take the case from the jury.
For the reasons thus assigned the judgment below will be reversed and a new trial awarded.
Judgment reversed and new trial awarded.