248 F. Supp. 778 | E.D. Pa. | 1965
The plaintiff has instituted this action under the Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1983
Having already served his sentence, plaintiff now requests the Court to issue a preliminary injunction impounding the records of his conviction, forbidding their use in any way, and vacating and declaring null and void the conviction itself. He claims that his record constitutes a continuing denial of his rights since it prevents him from pursuing his profession as a teacher. In addition, he contends that this Pennsylvania conviction was substantially responsible for his recent conviction in New Jersey on the charge of corrupting the morals of a minor.
The plaintiff had been indicted by the Grand Jury of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania in 1946 for the offenses of statutory rape and assault and battery with intent to ravish. He was found guilty on the statutory rape charge, but the court entered a directed verdict of acquittal on the other count.
After this conviction in Montgomery County was reversed on appeal,
The plaintiff argues that his conviction for attempted statutory rape at a trial for statutory rape after being acquitted of assault and battery with intent to ravish was and continues to be a deprivation of his constitutional rights.
Initially, he appears to be claiming that he was placed in double jeopardy in violation of the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Such an argument is of no avail since the United States Supreme Court has so far refused to incorporate the double jeopardy provision of the Fifth Amendment into the Fourteenth and consequently this clause applies only to federal indictments. Bartkus v. People of State of Illinois, 359 U.S. 121, 79 S.Ct. 676, 3 L.Ed.2d 684 (1959); Brock v. State of
In any event, assault and battery with intent to ravish and attempted statutory rape are two distinct crimes with different component parts. The former involves the element of force
The plaintiff, however, contends that he was denied the right under the Sixth Amendment “to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation”. The Supreme Court has not specifically read this constitutional provision into the Fourteenth Amendment although in the landmark decision of Gideon v. Wainright, 372 U.S. 335, 83 S.Ct. 792, 9 L.Ed.2d 799 (1963), another clause of the Sixth Amendment, the right to the assistance of counsel, was made obligatory on the states. In holding that the right to counsel applied to state prosecutions, the Court used the standard that “a provision of the Bill of Rights which is ‘fundamental and essential to a fair trial’ is made obligatory upon the States by the Fourteenth Amendment.” In Palko v. State of Connecticut, supra, which held that the double jeopardy provision of the Fifth Amendment had no application to the States, Mr. Justice Cardozo, speaking for the Court, declared the test to be whether the particular provision is “implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.” It is unnecessary for this court to decide the question of incorporation, for even assuming, without deciding, that the right “to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation” is “implicit in the concept of ordered liberty” or “fundamental and essential to a fair trial,”
When the plaintiff was convict-' ed of attempted statutory rape, he was convicted of a crime which is an integral part of the crime of statutory rape for which he was tried, inasmuch as consummated act of rape cannot exist without first the attempt to rape. A conviction for a lesser crime that is necessarily part of a greater offense with which the defendant is actually charged is a well accepted principle of the criminal law. Rule 31(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure recognizes it
The plaintiff, however, makes a further argument. He contends that the Pennsylvania catch-all statute
Even if there might have been reversible error in the conduct of the trial, it should be emphasized that this court does not sit as a super-appellate tribunal to review and ferret out all possible errors committed by the courts of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in interpreting their own law. This court’s function here is solely to determine whether there has been a violation of the Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and therefore our purpose is limited to the protection of “any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws [of the United States]”. See Sarelas v. Sheehan, 326 F.2d 490 (7th Cir. 1963).
In conclusion it is clear that no federal rights have been violated so as to invoke any relief under the Civil Rights Act. The argument of double jeopardy cannot be accepted, first because it does not constitute a denial of a federal right, privilege, or immunity and secondly, because double jeopardy was not made out in any case. The argument that the plaintiff did not have notice of the offense of which he was convicted because of a prior directed verdict on another count is completely without merit since the crime of which he was found guilty was a component part of the crime for which he was indicted and tried. Finally, any claim that the Pennsylvania courts deviated from their precedents and statutory law is immaterial under the .circumstances of this case since no deprivation of federal rights occurred.
The plaintiff’s motion for a preliminary injunction pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 is denied.
. 42 U.S.C. § 1983 provides: “Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress”.
. It is clear that this Court lacks jurisdiction over Judge Harvey since he was not served within the territorial limits required under Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. At the time this action was instituted, he had retired from the bench and was living in Florida.
. Commonwealth v. Balles, 160 Pa.Super. 148, 50 A.2d 729 (1948).
. Commonwealth v. Balles, 163 Pa.Super. 467, 62 A.2d 91 (1948).
. See also United States ex rel. Melton v. Hendrick, 218 F.Supp. 293 (E.D.Pa.1963), aff'd 330 F.2d 263 (3d Cir. 1964); United States ex rel. Battle v. Fay, 219 F.Supp. 798 (S.D.N.Y.1963).
. Pa.Stat.Ann. tit. 18, § 4722; Commonwealth v. Moss, 173 Pa.Super. 367, 98 A.2d 372 (1953); Commonwealth v. Moon, 151 Pa.Super. 555, 30 A.2d 704 (1943); Commonwealth v. Heaton, 145 Pa.Super. 223, 20 A.2d 921 (1941); Commonwealth v. Jaynes, 137 Pa.Super. 511, 10 A.2d 90 (1940); Commonwealth ex rel. Case v. Smith, 134 Pa.Super. 183, 3 A.2d 1007 (1939).
. Pa.Stat.Ann. tit. 18, § 4721; Commonwealth v. Orris, 136 Pa.Super. 137, 7 A.2d 88 (1939).
. See also Commonwealth ex rel. Conrad v. Warden of Eastern State Penitentiary, 165 Pa.Super. 374, 67 A.2d 645 (1949).
. See United States ex rel. Turco v. Dross, 224 F.Supp. 142 (S.D.N.Y.1963).
. Buie 31(c) of the Federal Buies of Criminal Procedure provides: “The defendant may be found guilty of an offense necessarily included in the offense charged or of an attempt to commit either the offense charged or an offense necessarily included therein if the attempt is an offense.”
- Pa.Stat.Ann. tit. 18, § 4721.
. Pa.Stat.Ann. tit. 18, § 5107.