This suit was brought to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by the plaintiff, and for injuries to her automobile, in consequence of a collision between her automobile and the automobile of the defendants. The two cars collided at about the line of intersection of First avenue north and Harrison street, and near the north side of the latter street, in the city of. Seattle. The plaintiff’s car had been traveling north on First avenue north, and as it turned west into Harrison street, the collision occurred. The defendants’ car was traveling east on Harrison street, on the north or left-hand side thereof, at the time of the collision. First avenue north runs north and south, and Harrison street runs east and west. The case was tried to the court, terminating in a judgment for the plaintiff. The defendants have appealed.
At the time of the collision, the respondent’s car was entering Harrison street on the right-hand side, and the appellants’ car was passing out of Harrison street, traveling upon the left-hand side of the street. The collision happened in the evening, after dark, upon a dark night. The respond
“The driver or operator of every automobile or motor vehicle shall turn to the right in meeting vehicles, teams and persons moving or headed in an opposite direction, and turn to the right in passing vehicles, teams and persons moving or headed in the same direction.”
Section 54 of Ordinance No. 16,081 of the city of Seattle provides:
“It shall be unlawful for any person, while driving any horse or other animal attached to any vehicle, or driving or propelling any automobile over, along or through any paved, planked or macadamized street, to occupy other than the right side of any such street, except within the block in which is the point of destination.”
Section 62 provides:
“It shall be unlawful for any person to ride, drive or propel any automobile, auto cycle or other motor vehicle, without having attached thereto a bell, gong, horn or whistle, in good working order, and sufficient to give warning of the approach of such machine or vehicle, or to fail or neglect to sound such device as a warning, when necessary, upon approaching any street car, carriage, automobile, auto cycle or other vehicle, horse or other animal, or pedestrian, or upon approaching any place where any person or persons may be entering or leaving any street car, or other public conveyance, or upon approaching any street intersection or before passing around any corner.”
“It shall be unlawful for any person to ride, drive or propel any automobile, or other motor vehicle, between the hours of sunset and sunrise, unless there shall be fastened to the front thereof at least two (2) white lights of sufficient candle power to enable the person driving or operating such vehicle to clearly see ahead a distance of at least two hundred (200) feet. ...” .
Harrison street was paved at the time of the accident, and the point where the appellants’ car crossed to the north of the street was not within the block of its destination. The court found, in substance, that, at the time of the accident, the respondent’s car was proceeding on the right-hand side of the street at a rate of speed not exceeding four miles an hour; that it displayed two white lights, of sufficient brilliancy and candle power to enable its driver to clearly see ahead a distance of over two hundred feet; that' its driver was handling it in a prudent and careful manner; that the appellants’ machine was proceeding on the left-hand side of the street without such white lights, and that the “collision was caused entirely and. solely by reason of the negligence, carelessness, want of attention, and Safe driving of the defendants’ ” driver.
It is clear from the facts stated that the driver of the appellants’ car was guilty of gross negligence. He was driving on the wrong side of the street, in defiance of both the statute and the ordinance of the city. Nor did he display the head lights, or sound his horn, as required by law. In Engelking v. Seattle Elec. Co., 50 Wash. 196, 96 Pac. 1039, speaking of an ordinance of the city of Seattle which limits the rate of speed of street cars in the business or settled residential districts to twelve miles an hour, the court said:
“We prefer to adhere to the doctrine that a thing which is done in violation of positive law is in itself negligence.”
This rule is followed in Wilson v. Puget Sound Elec. R., 52 Wash. 522, 101 Pac. 50, 132 Am. St. 1044. The same
“Ordinarily, if one traveler in meeting another be found upon the half of the way appointed to him by the statute, traveling with ordinary care and prudence, and he sustain an injury by a collision with the vehicle of another, who is upon that part of the way to which he has not the statutory right, the individual who has thus sustained the injury may have redress by action against him who was thus on the part of the way to which the statute did not give him the right. The traveler who thus travels prudently and carefully upon the half of the way assigned to him, will ordinarily pass at the hazard and risk of him who trenches upon his rights, in the manner already stated.”
The appellants’ car, while traveling east on Harrison street, was following an inbound street car which stopped at First avenue north. At that time their machine was a few feet behind the street car. Passengers were getting on and off at the right-hand side of the car, and instead of waiting for the car to proceed, the driver of the appellants’ machine, to avoid the passengers of the street car, turned to the left with a view to taking the left-hand or north car track. When he had driven his machine onto that track, he heard a street car coming north on First avenue. Believing that he did not have time to either pass between the two street cars or
It is insisted that the respondent’s driver was guilty of contributory negligence. We have seen that he had the right of way; that he displayed his lights and sounded his horn; and that the driver of the appellants’ car neither displayed his lights nor gave warning of his approach. It is argued, however, that he was proceeding at a high rate of speed. The evidence as to the speed the respective cars were traveling is in direct conflict. The respondent’s car had followed a northbound car on First avenue north for some two or three blocks, and had slowed down at the intersection of the streets, to permit passengers to alight from the outbound car, when the collision occurred. The respondent’s driver testified that the speed of his car did not then exceed two or three miles an hour. Other witnesses confirmed his statement. From a careful reading of the evidence, we feel constrained to adopt the view of the trial court. It is supported, not only by abundant direct evidence, but by the circumstances of the case. While the respondent’s chauffeur
The court found:
“(4) That by reason of said collision caused as aforesaid, the plaintiff herein was violently thrown against the side of her automobile aforesaid, causing injury to her limbs and causing her physical pain and suffering.
“(5) That by reason of such carelessness, negligence, want of attention and safe driving of the defendants’ automobile, and by reason of the acts of the defendants and their duly authorized agent aforesaid, the plaintiff has been damaged in the sum of six hundred ($600) dollars.”
It is contended that the damages awarded are not within either the issues or the evidence. The complaint alleges that the respondent was violently thrown against the side of her automobile, causing an injury to her limbs, and causing physical pain and suffering, to her damage in the sum of $500. It further alleges:
“That by reason of said careless and negligent act of the defendants’ automobile driver as aforesaid the damages were sustained to plaintiff’s automobile to the extent of two hundred twenty-two and 46-100 dollars ($222.46), as shown more specifically in Exhibit A hereto attached and made a part hereof; that in addition thereto the salable value of said car was reduced to an extent of seven hundred dollars ($700) ; that also the plaintiff was deprived of the use of said car for the space of time of eleven days at a reasonable value of twenty dollars ($20) per day, or a total of two hundred twenty dollars ($220) ; the total damages to said car as stated in this paragraph amounting to the sum of eleven hundred forty-two and 46-100 dollars ($1142.46).”
The respondent was not permitted to introduce evidence as to the loss of the use of the car, it not appearing that it was used for hire or that the respondent hired another vehicle to take its place. The evidence is undisputed that the respondent paid $220 for repairing the car. There is evidence that
Some criticism is made of the form of the findings, but we think they are without merit. The judgment is affirmed.
Dunbar, C. J., Mount, Parker, and Fullerton, JJ., concur.