Baker v. Village of Norwood
1896 U.S. App. LEXIS 2746
U.S. Circuit Court for the Dis...
1896
Check Treatment
SAG1E, District Judge.

Thе complainant’s suit is to enjoin the defendants from making, enforcing, or collecting an assessment against her property amounting to $2,218.58. Her claim is that the same is in violatiоn of her rights under the constitution of the United States and under the constitution of the state of Ohio. She is the owner of real estate situate in the village of Norwood, at the corner of *998Williams avenue and Baker street, as it was called prior to tlie incorporation of said village, but since changed to, and known as, Ivankoe avenue. The real estate referred to fronts upon Williams avenue, which runs east and west parallel with Hopkins avenue, and south thereof. It extends back from Williams avenue a distance of 300 feet. Baker street had been dedicated to the public use for street purposes prior to the incorporation of the village. It runs north and sоuth, crossing Hopkins avenue at right angles, and extending, beyond the same to within 300 feet of Williams avenue, at which point it terminates, said point being on the north line of complаinant’s property.

After the incorporation of the village of Norwood, it proceeded to exercise the right of eminent domain under a statute of Ohio, in the probate court of Hamilton county, to appropriate for the benefit of the public and of the said village a strip of ground beginning 300 feet north of Williams avenue, — thаt is to say, on defendants’ north line; thence south to Williams avenue, a distance of 300 feet, the same being a protraction of the east line of Ivanhoe avenuе, to the south line of Williams avenue; thence west, with the north line of Williams avenue, 50 feet; thence north, parallel to the described line, 300 feet; thence 50 feet east, along the north line of complainant’s property, to the place of beginning. Baker street,for some distance south of Williams avenue, and through other proрerty, had been dedicated as a street or thoroughfare before the incorporation of said defendant village. The purpose of the village was by the аppropriation of the strip described to open it through complainant’s premises, and thereby make it a continuous street.

The complainant says that she is thе owner of the real estate upon either side of said strip of ground so undertaken to be appropriated by said village; that is to say, of 150 feet in depth upon thе west, and of 150 feet in depth upon the east. In other words, the complainant sets ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‍forth that she is the sole owner of the real estate upon each-side of said extension of Baker street throughout its entire length, and back from the east and west lines of Baker street, as extended, 150 feet and more. She was also the owner of the ground sought to be appropriated.

It further appears from the bill that the value of said strip was by said probate court found to be $2,000, which the village was adjudged to pay complainant.

The bill then sets forth that said village thereupon proceeded to assess back upon complainant’s real estate upon either side оf the strip-condemned, not only the said $2,000 adjudged to her as the value of the property taken, but also counsel fees, expenses of the suit, expenses and feеs of expert witnesses, and-other costs, fees, and expenses to her unknown-, amounting in all to the sum of $2,-218.58, payable in 10 annual installments, with interest at 0 per cent.; that is to say, said village has undertaken to take 300 feet by 50 feet of complainant’s property, and, having fixed its valuation by proceedings at law at $2,000, now proposes to assess upon complainant’s adjacent property said $2,000, with all the costs and expenses incidental thereto, whereby in fact the property of the *999complаinant has boon taken, and lias been sought to be taken, by said village, for the use of the general public, not only without compensation to the complainant, but an actual expense and outlay, in addition, of §218.58, or which is to make the complainant not: only pay for her own property taken for the benefit of the village and оf the public without compensation, but also to pay the exi>ense of so taking it.

Complainant refers to the provision of the Remised Statutes of Ohio for relief against such assessment, аnd, averring that she has no remedy save by injunction, appeals to her right, under said statutes, to contest, the same by bill to enjoin its ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‍collection or enforcement. The аuditor of the comity is made defendant, for the reason that, as appears from the bill, the village has certified to him the first installment of the assessment; and, in accordance with the statute, he has entered the same on the tax duplicate .of the county, with a penalty thereon, in order to make said assessment and penalty a chаrge and a lien upon the complainant’s real ('state in Hamilton county.

The bill also sets forth that the auditor has certified said assessments and penalties to the treasurer of tlx; county, and that the treasurer has caused the same to be placed upon the tax duplicate against complainant, aud made the same a сharge and lien upon all her real estate, and is about to collect the same, with the penalties added thereto, all without warrant or authority of law. The prayer is for an injunction against all the defendants.

It was held by the supreme court of Ohio in Caldwell v. Village of Carthage, 49 Ohio St. 34, 31 N. E. 602, that, where land is appropriated for a street imрrovement, an assessment by the foot: front of the property bounded by and abutting upon (lie improvement, to pay the cost thereof, is not in violation of -section 1 оf the fourteenth amendment of the constitution of the United States. There the sjmciiic objection was that no preliminary resolution declaring the necessity of the improvement which the council of the village; was required to pass, and to give notice; of and publish as provided ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‍in section 2304 of the Revised Statutes, was adopted by the council, and consequently no publication was made', nor was there; any service of notice of such resolution. The supreme court held that the section did uot apply to the condemnation of private property for opening, extending, straightening, or widening a street. It does not appear that the general question оf constitutional power which is presented in this case was presented to the court in that case, or was considered.

Granting, for the sake of the argument, that, wherе property is appropriated for a street, the compensation to the; owners and the; expense of making the appropriation may be assеssed upon the several owners, each bearing his prope;r share, quite a different question is presented when, as here, a municipality undertakes to appropriate to public use the real estate of a single owner for a public street, and then assess back upon him, not only the compensation awarde'd for thе entire; street, but also all the expenses of the proceeding-. If such a proceeding is not a taking for public *1000use without compensation, I am at a loss to knоw what would constitute such a taking.

In Davidson v. New Orleans, 96 U. S. 107, Mr. Justice Bradley said: “If a state, by its laws, authorized private property to be taken for public use, without compensation, I think it would be depriving a man of his property without due process of law.” The same question was considered in Kentucky Railroad Tax Cases, 115 U. S. 331, 6 Sup. Ct. 57, and this language of Mr. ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‍Justice Bradley was quoted with approval.

Under the Ohio constitution, where private property is taken for public use, compensation therefor must first be made in money, or first secured by a dеposit of money, and the compensation must be assessed by a jury without deduction for benefits to any property of the owners.

This whole subject was considered by Judge Jаckson in Scott v. City of Toledo, 36 Fed. 385. He held that such proceedings as are complained of in this bill were in violation of the provision of the fourteenth amendment of thе constitution of the United States, that no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

The equity of this case is with the complainant, and a perpetual injunction ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‍will be decreed against the defendants, as prayed for, with costs.