9 Wyo. 51 | Wyo. | 1900
This case is before us upon a question reserved by the judge of the District Court of Crook County. The question is as follows: “Can the Board of County Commissioners legally enter into a contract with, or employ, the coroner of the county (who is a practicing physician) for a period of one year, at a reasonable compensation, to furnish medicine and medical attendance for the poor and paupers of the county ? ’ ’
The question as to the power of the board arises mainly upon the construction of Sec. 5095, Revised Statutes, which is as follows: ‘1 Any State officer, county commissioner, trustee of any school district, mayor, councilman, or trustee of any city or town, or any person holding any appointing power, or any person holding a lucrative office under the laws of this State, who shall, during the time he may occupy such office or hold such appointing power and discharge the duties thereof, be interested, directly or indirectly, in any contract for the construction of any State building, courthouse, schoolhouse, bridge, public building, or work of any kind, erected or built for the use of the State, or any county, school district, city or town in the State, in which he exercises any official jurisdiction; .or who shall bargain for or receive any percentage, drawback, premium, or profits, or money whatever on any contract or for the letting of any contract, or making any appointment wherein the State, or any county, school district, city or town, is concerned, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars nor less than one hundred dollars.”
The plaintiff contends that the office of coroner is a lucrative office, and that, by virtue of the statute, the incumbent is disqualified from entering into any contract with the county. The defendant upon the other hand
What is a lucrative office seems to be very we.ll settled upon reason and authority. Mr. Mechem says: “An office to which salary, compensation, or fees are attached is a lucrative office, or, as it is frequently called, an office of profit. The amount of the salary or compensation attached is not material. The amount attached is supposed to be an adequate compensation and fixes the character of the office as a lucrative one, or an office of profit.” Mechem on Public Officers, Sec. 13. Dailey v. State, 8 Blackf. (Ind.), 329; 13 Am. Eng. Ency., 1192. The coroner is a county officer, elected by the people, and by Sec. 1183, Rev. Stat., it is provided that he shall receive, for holding an inquest, five dollars per day and mileage at the rate of ten cents per mile, and for performing the duties of sheriff, when the latter is disqualified, the same fees as may be allowed the sheriff. We think, therefore, the office is, very clearly, a lucrative one, under the statute, and the fact that the compensation may not ordinarily be large does not affect its character in this respect.
No such office as that of county physician is provided for by our laws, but the employment of a physician by the various counties to render a certain class of services by the year and for an agreed annual compensation is a common, and perhaps uniform, practice in the State. The statutes recognize such employment, and the person employed is referred to in the statutes as county physician. Rev. Stat., Secs. 1260, 4300, 4885. As the county physician is not legally an officer of the county, no question is presented of incompatibility of offices which would forbid the incumbency of the two positions of coroner and county physician by the same person.
The intent and purpose of Section 5095, above quoted, we think is reasonably clear. The first clause forbids any
The purpose and" scope of the second clause of the Section seems to be equally clear. While the first clause forbids officers from being interested as contractors with the public where certain kinds of work are involved, the second clause is intended to prevent such officers from receiving any percentage, or ‘ ‘ rake off ’ ’ (as it is sometimes called), upon any kind of contracts whatever, with the public, in which others are interested. And the rule of construction above referred to must be applied in construing the latter clause also. The language is, “any percentage, drawback, premium, or profits, or money whatever on any contract, or for the letting of any contract.” The words, “ money whatever on any contract ” under the well-established rule before stated, must be con
But it must also be borne in mind that in the large class of cases in which the contracts of officers with the public are held to be illegal as against public policy, they are so held even in the absence of any statute and upon principles which do not at all apply to the facts of this case. An agent, whether of a private individual or a public corporation, can not lawfully represent both himself and his principal in the making, performance, or settlement of any contract between his principal and himself. It is therefore well settled that the governing body of a public corporation can not lawfully contract with themselves or one of their own number on behalf of the corporation. Mechem on Pub. Of., 839-40. But this is not because they are officers, but because their official duty and authority make them the agents of the corporation. And upon the other hand it seems to be quite as well settled that the officers controlling a public corporation may contract
If the coroner of a county, who happened to be a physician, should employ himself to make a post mortem, such contract might bo obnoxious to the objections urged. In the case presented, however, the officer represents only himself as an individual, and with reference to the subject matter of the contract, does not assume to represent and has no power or authority to represent the county. We see no reason, therefore, for declaring such a contract to be against public policy, and, not being forbidden by any statute to which our attention has been directed, we think it is not subject to any legal objection.
The question reserved is answered in the affirmative.