Avery & Sons v. Meek

| Ky. Ct. App. | Nov 24, 1894

JUDGE LEWIS

DELIVERED THE OPINION OE THE COURT.

Robert Meek, an infant, suing by Ms father and next friend, brought this action to recover for a personal injury received while employed by B. F.-Avery & Sons, a corporation owning and operating a plow factory, he being then "about fourteen years of age.

It seems to be admitted that the special and only service he was at that time engaged to perform was carrying iron plates to and from a shearing machine under immediate control and management of Simpson, another employe. But it is alleged in the petition that obeying an order of Simpson, who was then temporarily absent, plaintiff undertook to oil that machine, and in doing so a rag he had for pur pose.of cleansing it, was caught between cogs of an upper and nether wheel in motion, and endeavoring to withdraw it he got his hand crushed so as to require amputation.

The only error of the lower court relied on by defendant for reversal of the judgment in this case we need to consider relates to instructions given the jury, which it may be said at the outset are so numerous, being eleven in number, as to some extent perplex the jury. But the one particularly objected to is No. 2, as follows: “It was the duty of the defendant to provide reasonably safe machinery for the use of its employes, and to keep it in reasonably safe repair, and -if the jury believe from the evidence that the machine at which the plaintiff was employed to-assist Reuben Simpson was defective and dangerous, and that the plaintiff did not know thereof, but the defendant or its employe’ in control of the plaintiff knew it was defective and dangerous, or might have known it by exercise of ordinary care, then the law is for the plaintiff and the jury should so find, unless they further believe from the evidence that the injury which plaintiff received from said machine was caused by his own negligence.”

That instruction is obviously erroneous and must have prejudiced the defendant. First. It assumes plaintiff may not have known the machine was dangerous, when he had seen it in operation daily during six preceding months, and must have certainly been aware it was dangerous to oil it in the manner and where he attempted to do so.

Second. The jury was informed that if the machine was defective, defendant was legally liable for full measure of damages, that being the plain meaning of the phrase, “the law is for plaintiff,” even though the injury may not have been caused directly or indirectly by that defect.

The defect was first complained of and set up in an amended petition filed some time after commencement of the action, and as described therein, was lack of a covering for the cog-wheels, which, it was stated, had been in proper position, but was broken off and never replaced. But the evidence shows, and indeed an inspection of the machine would render it obvious that, by reason of the direction in which the cog-wheels revolved, it was dangerous, with or without the covering, to oil the machine on that side plaintiff attempted to do it, while it could have been done in comparative safety on the opposite side.

Simpson testified he did not order plaintiff to oil the machine at all; another advised him to keep away from it, and there is evidence which not only tends to show plaintiff was injured by Ms own negligence, but renders it doubtful whether he was, when hurt, engaged oiling the machine. But the jury was, by the instruction in question, relieved from the duty of considering these exculpatory facts, and required to find for plaintiff upon the bare hypothesis of the machine being defective and dangerous, whether the injury was the effect thereof or not. It is true they were, in general terms, instructed not to so find if the injury was caused by plaintiff’s own negligence. But the court having failed either to give in that connection a true and full definition of contributory negligence, or to permit the jury to inquire and determine whether the alleged defect was, proximate cause of the injury, it can be readily perceived defendant was deprived of benefit of what the jury might have regarded available defenses.

The rule is, as argued for appellee, that an apparent omission from or defect of a particular instruction should not be treated as reversible if elsewhere in the series of instructions, which must be considered together, the omission is supplied or defect cured. But we have looked at all the instructions singly and con-. nectively, and failed to find the misleading and illegal proposition in the second instruction qualified or explained.

It has been often and uniformly held by this court that one servant can not, for any less degree than gross negligence of a co-employe superior in authority, recover for an injury. But the lower court failed to so instruct the jury in this case, and therein is another error affecting substantial rights of the defendant, now appellant.

Wherefore, the judgment is reversed, and cause remanded for a new trial consistent with this opinion.