Automatic Recording Safe Co. v. Burns Co.

231 F. 985 | 2d Cir. | 1916

Lead Opinion

LACOMBE, Circuit Judge.

The patents all relate to what are known as portable savings banks. Such a bank consists of a case to hold the coins which are to be placed in it, and an outer case to be slipped over the coin container. The two cases are locked together and the coins slipped in through slits in the outer ease. When the bank is full, the cases may be unlocked and the coins removed. Originally the coin case was a single compartment, in which coins of various denominations were mingled together. Thereafter the coin container was provided with a series of tubes or compartments, so arranged that coins of one denomination are separated from those of another denomination. With banks thus constructed the container had to be turned upside down in order to remove the coins from their several containers; the result was that they would frequently become commingled when discharged and had to be sorted before counting. This patent, 793,779, undertook to remedy that defect, so that, when the outer case was removed, the coins in the several compartments could be readily counted. The devices to accomplish this were held to involve patentable novelty, and we see no reason to dissent from that conclusion. The following drawing will sufficiently indicate the arrangement of the coin containers. When the outer case or cover is slipped over the coin case its interior combines- with the flanges Al, A%, AS, etc., to form separate compartments for coins of different denominations.

It is apparent that, when the outer cover is removed, the coins may be counted, and the separate piles be separately removed, either by drawing each pile out, or by lifting it up. Defendant’s device, or . rather its coin-containing part, is shown below:

The five claims which complainant contends are infringed as well as Nos. 6, 7, and 8, read as follows:

“1. In a portable savings bank, a core comprising a plurality of rigid vertical flanges spaced apart to form compartments to receive coins, tbe distance between tbe flanges of each compartment being greater than tbe diameter of tbe coins to be received by sucb compartment, tbe adjacent flanges being united at corresponding ends by walls adapted to partially surround tbe coins.

“2. In a portable savings bank, a core comprising a base, a plurality of rigid radially projecting flanges spaced apart to form compartments to receive coins, the distance between tbe outer edges of tbe radial flanges at each side of each compartment being greater than tbe diameter of tbe coins to be received by sucb compartment.

“3. In a portable savings bank, a core comprising a horizontal base, a plurality of rigid vertical radially projecting flanges spaced different distances apart to form- compartments to receive coins of different denominations, tbe distance between tbe outer edges of tbe radial flanges at each side of each compartment being-greater than the diameter of tbe coins to be received by sucb compartment.

“4. In a portable savings bank, a core comprising a circular horizontal base and a plurality of rigid vertical radially projecting flanges spaced different distances apart to form compartments to receive coins of different denominations, tbe inner edges of adjacent flanges being united by curved walls conforming to tbe peripheries of tbe coins, and tbe outer edges of adjacent flanges being spaced apart a distance greater than tbe diameters of the coins to be received by the compartment between such flanges.

“5. In a savings bank, the combination with a base, of a plurality of rigid vertical flanges supported above the base and spaced apart to form compartments for the coins, the distance between the flanges of each compartment being greater than the diameter of the coins to be received by such compartment, a cover comprising a surrounding side wall and top wall united thereto, said cover adapted to inclose the base and the flanges thereon, and means for detachably securing said cover to the base.”

The patent being a meritorious one, infringement should not be avoided merely by modifying a Chinese copy by so curving the flanges which separate the piles of coins that the distance between their outer edges is less than the diameter of the coin—unless such limitation of the claim clearly appears. Such limitation does appear in claims 2, 3, and 4; which expressly provide that the “distance between the outer edges of the radial flanges” shall be greater than the diameter of the coin. But in claims 1 and 5 the limitation is different; there are a plurality of “radial vertical flanges,” “spaced apart to form compartments to receive coins,” concededly defendant has these. If the definition of the element stopped there the claim would cover coin receptacles in which the coins might enter but would not lie flat'—standing on edge with part of the coin projecting beyond the flanges. But the patentee contemplated having the coins lie flat; therefore he provided that “the distance between the flanges of each compartment should he greater than the diameter of the coins ho be received by such compartment.” This qualification would cover a compartment in which so much was cut away that the stack of coins could he pulled out through the opening between the flanges, and also a compartment in which the cut away portion (or opening between the flanges) would not allow this to he done and therefore the stack of coins would have to be lifted up.

[2] It seems to us entirely clear that claim 5 has no words which can be construed to restrict the distance between the outer edges of the flanges to less than the diameter of the coins. Certainly in common speech the phrases “between the flanges” and “between the outer edges of the flanges” do not mean the same thing. And since the first phrase is used in some claims and the second phrase in other claims it would seem that the patentee appreciated the distinction. To give both phrases the same meaning would make two vex'bally different claims identical, which is a construction not to be followed when there is nothing in the prior art which constrains to any such construction.

Claim 1 concludes with the words “the adjacent flanges being united at corresponding ends by walls adapted to partially surround the coins.” The rear ends of two adjacent flanges are “corresponding”; so are their front ends. But this concluding phrase cannot possibly refer to the front ends, because, if they were united, the coins would be wholly, not partially, surrounded, and could not be removed at all without dumping.

We are satisfied that claims 1 and 5 are infringed, and to that extent the decree of the District Court is modified, with costs to appellant. In all other respects the decree is affirmed.

---

Rehearing

On Rehearing.

PER CURIAM.

The opinion makes perfectly clear what was and what was not decided by this court and a rehearing as to these questions is denied. Regarding the other claims referred to in the petition as to which the defendant has not appeared, we see no reason why a oro forma judgment of reversal should not be entered.