28 Minn. 291 | Minn. | 1881
This action was tried before the court, Macdonald, J., without a jury, who filed his decision awarding judgment in favor of the plaintiff. The defendants moved for a new trial, and from the order refusing the same appealed to this court. Numerous exceptions were- taken at the trial to the rulings of the court in respect to the evidence, but none of the questions thus raised are important in the determination of this case; for, whether such exceptions were well taken or not, the decision must be sustained upon facts found by the court below from evidence which was clearly not subject to objection, and the rulings of the court in respect to which exceptions are alleged here could not have affected the result.
These facts are as follows: The defendant is a private corporation, organized in 1874, pursuant to the provisions of Gen. St. 1866, c. 34, title 2, for the purpose of building and operating a steam flouring mill. One of the original articles of incorporation provided that “the highest amount of indebtedness or liability to which said corporation shall be subject shall not exceed $5,000.” In 1875, the corporation made to one Stewart its promissory not for $9,000, and secured the payment of the same by a mortgage upon its mill property. On the 11th day of May, 1877, the mortgage was foreclosed by a sale made on that day, and the mortgaged property was purchased on such foreclosure sale by the mortgagee, for the amount of the mortgage debt, which then exceeded $11,000. No redemption was made from this sale. On April 6, 1877, the defendant also executed to one M. Doran its promissory note for $6,000, payable on demand, a considerable part of which remained unpaid on the 6th day of May, 1878. On the 6th day of May, 1878, the defendant made to M. Doran
Upon these facts arise the legal questions whether the instrument; sued upon is a negotiable instrument; and whether, if so, the plaintiff, as a bona-fide holder before maturity, is entitled to recover upon it, notwithstanding the fact that the corporation, in incurring the debt evidenced by it, exceeded its authority as to the extent of the indebtedness it might contract. It has already been determined by this court, in Sullivan v. Murphy, 23 Minn. 6, that corporations organized under the general law above referred to, and under which this defendant was incorporated, are, by implication, at least, authorized to incur debts in the ordinary transaction of their business, and that they may evidence such debts by their promissory notes. See, also, Chaska Co. v. Board Sup’rs of Carver Co., 6 Minn. 130 (204;) 1 Daniel Neg. Inst. §§ 381-382. In the case of this defendant the power to create debts is also plainly to be inferred from the express limitation upon that
The instrument sued upon is a negotiable promissory note in form, unless the affixing of the corporate seal affects its negotiable character. Such is not the effect of the seal of a corporation upon such paper, under the provisions of our statute, (Gen. St. 1878, c. 23, § 9,) which reads: “Bonds and other obligations, under seal, for payment of money, payáble to the bearer, or to some person designated or bearer, or payable to order, issued by any corporation or joint-stock company, shall be negotiable in the same manner and to the same extent as promissory notes.”
Where a private corporation has authority to issue negotiable securities, such instruments, when issued, possess the legal character ordinarily attaching to negotiable paper, and the holder in good faith, before maturity, and for value, may recover, even though in the particular case the power of the corporation was irregularly’ exercised or was exceeded; or, to state the legal proposition in its application to this case, this defendant having power to incur debts to a limited extent and to issue its negotiable notes therefor, the plaintiff, as a bona-fide holder of the note in suit, may recover upon it, although in this particular case the indebtedness of the corporation at the time of giving this note already exceeded the limits prescribed by its articles of association. Stoney v. American Life Ins. Co., 11 Paige, 635; Mech. Bank Ass’n v. New York & Saugerties White Lead Co., 35 N Y. 505; McIntire v. Preston, 10 Ill. 48; Monument Nat. Bank v. Globe Works, 101 Mass. 57; Bissell v. Mich. Southern & Northern Ind. R. Co., 22 N. Y. 258, 289; City of Lexington v. Butler, 14 Wall. 282; Moran v. Miami County, 2 Black, 722; Angell & Ames on Corp. § 268; Field on Corp. 303; Green’s Brice’s Ultra Vires, 273-4, 729. Although in such a case the corporation or its officers exceeded the’ corporate authority, and its contract would be, hence, in a sense, ultra vires, yet other legal principles, besides those merely relating to the powers of the corporation, come in to affect the result.
It is true, a corporation is a being created by the law, and has properly no authority but such as is conferred upon it, expressly or
In this case the defence sought to be made to the note is that in giving it the article of the defendant’s incorporation, limiting the amount of its indebtedness, was violated. The debt was incurred in the ordinary prosecution of the business of the corporation. The defendant received and appropriated the money which was the consideration of the note, and, having authority to issue negotiable paper, it put forth the note in question, negotiable, calculated to circulate as, and perform the office of, commercial paper, and expressing upon its face the obligation and promise of the maker to pay to the bearer, at all events, the sum named. It has come into the hands of a bonafide purchaser, and simple justice, as well as plain principles of. law, forbid that courts should listen to the plea that in- this -particular-
What has been said should be regarded only as said with reference to this case, and should not be considered as stating a rule of law which should prevail generally in the case of contracts not negotiable. While the broader ground last referred to was considered by the court below, and discussed by counsel in this court, yet upon the facts found by the court such was not this case, and, the question being an important one, we ought not to anticipate its presentation for adjudication by an opinion not called for by the facts in this case. Nor is it important, as this case stands before this court, that the contract of the corporation was with one of its own officers, for the court has found that the plaintiff purchased the note in good faith, and without notice of any defence thereto. The fact the note was payable to “M. Doran or bearer” did not necessarily notify the plaintiff that Doran was an officer of the corporation or connected with it.
Order affirmed.