Lead Opinion
The Attorney Grievance Commission of Maryland (“AGC”), acting through Bar Counsel, filed a Petition for Disciplinary or Remedial Action (“Petition”) against Respondent Martin Bernard Brown. Bar Counsel charged Brown with violating the Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct (“MRPC”) in his capacity as representative of Roberto Garcia. Specifically, Bar Counsel alleged that Brown violated the following rules: (1) Rule 4.1 (Truthfulness in Statements to Others);
Rule 16-609. Prohibited transactions.
a. Generally. An attorney or law firm may not borrow or pledge any funds required by the Rules in this Chapter to be deposited in an attorney trust account, obtain any remuneration from the financial institution for depositing any funds in the account, or use any funds for any unauthorized purpose.
b. No cash disbursements. An instrument drawn on an attorney trust account may not be drawn payable to cash or to bearer, and no cash withdrawal may be made from an automated teller machine or by any other method. All disbursements from an attorney trust account shall be made by check or electronic transfer.
The AGC’s investigation of Brown was triggered by the complaint of Dianne L. Coston, the grantor of a mortgage to Hilda Nelson that had been assigned to Roberto Garcia. The hearing judge made the following findings of fact by clear and convincing evidence:
(1) Respondent, Martin Bernard Brown, Esq., was admitted as a member of the bar of the Court of Appeals of May 25, 1982 and maintains an office for the practice of law at 1714 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
(2) Respondent has no disciplinary record.
(3) Complainant, Dianne L. Coston, is the owner of a residence at 407 Commonwealth Avenue.
(4) On April 27, 1994, she purchased the residence from the estate of her grand aunt, Alena Bacon. Her aunt, Hilda Nelson, daughter of Alena Bacon, was the personal representative and sole heir of the estate.
(5) In connection with this transaction, Ms. Coston executed a mortgage in favor of Ms. Nelson in the amount of $11,000.00.
(6) In December 2001, she refinanced the property through a commercial lender.
(7) As part of the refinancing, she was required to pay off the mortgage. At the time of the refinancing Hilda Nelson had died. The beneficiary of her estate and owner of the mortgage was her son, Roberto Garcia. Mr. Garcia and Ms. Coston are cousins.
(8) The initial check connected to this transaction was issued to the Estate of Hilda Nelson and was never cashed.
(9) On June 20, 2002, the lender issued a second check in the amount of $6,690.00 to respondent and Mr. Garcia. At the time of the issuance of the check, respondent was*275 representing Garcia in connection with another matter. He agreed to accept the check on behalf of Garcia.
(10) This check was endorsed by respondent and by Mr. Garcia and deposited in respondent’s trust account on October 7, 2002.
(11) On October 7, 2002, respondent drew on his trust account a check to cash in the amount of $6,690.00, which he gave to Garcia. Respondent only endorsed the check.
(12) The lender did not send a release in conjunction with the check. Mr. Garcia never signed a release in connection with his receipt of the check. Respondent was not Ms. Coston’s attorney and had no obligation to prepare a release for her.
(13) In 2004, Ms. Coston wanted to refinance her home again in order to make needed repairs.
(14) When she attempted to obtain a new loan, she learned that she could not do so because the mortgage had not been released.
(15) On October 18, 2004, Ms. Coston complained to Petitioner about the fact that respondent had not obtained a release of the mortgage from Mr. Garcia.
(16) On October 20 and November 15, 2004, Bar Counsel wrote to Respondent requesting an answer to Ms. Coston’s complaint that she had not received a release from Respondent.
(17) On November 23, 2004, Respondent stated in a letter to Bar Counsel that before he received the complaint he had spoken to Complainant and subsequently “prepared the Release of Mortgage and mailed it to Mr. Garcia’s address.”
(18) He further stated “Thereafter, I received a copy of your letter from Mrs. Coston indicating that Mr. Garcia was incarcerated.” Respondent said that he had spoken to Mrs. Coston twice since receiving the complaint and had advised her that he had sent a release to Mr. Garcia. He concluded his letter by stating “Once I learn where Mr. Garcia is incarcerated, I will forward a release of mortgage to him for his execution and subsequent filing in the Land Records of Baltimore County.”
*276 (19) On December 3, 2004, Bar Counsel declined to take any further action on Ms. Coston’s complaint.
(20) A copy of Respondent’s letter was forwarded to Ms. Coston in connection with the dismissal of the complaint.
(21) On September 26, 2007, Bar Counsel wrote to respondent concerning the status of the release after receiving a telephone call from Mrs. Coston stating that she had never received one.
(22) On October 16, 2007, Respondent advised Bar Counsel in a letter that he had spoken to Mrs. Coston. He further represented: “Mr. Garcia never signed the release.” He proposed that Mrs. Coston file a petition to quiet title and that he would help her with this petition.
(23) Contrary to his representations to Bar Counsel and to Mrs. Coston, Respondent did not prepare or send to Mr. Garcia a release at any time. At the time Respondent made the statements to Bar Counsel and Ms. Coston, he knew that he had not sent a release to Mr. Garcia.
(24) Respondent admitted that he had not prepared or sent a release to Mr. Garcia in a statement under oath taken given to Assistant Bar Counsel Fletcher Thompson on March 24, 2008. This was the first time Respondent had advised either Bar Counsel’s office or Ms. Coston that he had never sent any release to Mr. Garcia.
(25) By representing to Ms. Coston that he was attempting to obtain a release from Mr. Garcia when he was not doing so, Respondent contributed to Ms. Coston’s delay in taking action on her own behalf. Through the efforts of Respondent’s former counsel, Edward Smith, Esq., Ms. Coston has now obtained a release of the mortgage.
(26) Respondent’s explanation for his initial representation to Bar Counsel in his letter of November 23, 2004 that he had sent a release to Mr. Garcia was that at the time he wrote the letter he intended to send a release but never followed through on this intention.
From these facts the hearing judge concluded that Brown violated all of the charged Rules. Specifically, she opined:
Moreover, his representation to Ms. Coston and to Bar Counsel that he had sent a release to Mr. Garcia constitutes a violation of the Maryland Lawyer’s Rules of Professional Conduct 4.1(a)(1), 8.1(a), 8.4(c) and 8.4(d). Rule 4.1(a)(1) provides that attorneys shall not make false statements of fact to third parties in the course of their representation of a client; Respondent’s representations to Ms. Coston amounted to such false statements. Rule 8.1(a) provides that attorneys in connection with disciplinary matters shall not make false statements of material fact; Respondent’s statements to Bar Counsel constitute a violation of this rule. Finally, Rule 8.4(c) and (d) provide that it is professional misconduct for attorneys to engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation, or that is prejudicial to the administration of justice; the sum of Respondent’s actions constitute such prohibited conduct.
DISCUSSION
Standard of Review
“In attorney discipline proceedings, this Court has original and complete jurisdiction and conducts an independent review of the record.” Attorney Grievance Comm’n v. McClain,
Even though conducting an independent review of the record, we accept the hearing judge’s findings of fact unless they are found to be clearly erroneous. This Court gives deference to the hearing judge’s assessment of the credibility of witnesses. Factual findings by the hearing judge will not be interfered with if they are founded on clear and convincing evidence. All proposed conclusions of law made by the hearing judge, however, are subject to de novo review by this Court.
Exceptions
Neither Bar Counsel nor Respondent Brown note any exceptions to the judge’s findings of fact or conclusions of law. Thus, we accept the lower court’s findings of fact as established.
Conclusions of Law
According to the express language of Maryland Rule 16-609(b), an attorney is prohibited from drawing an instrument on an attorney trust account “payable to cash or to bearer____” Unquestionably, Brown violated this Rule by drawing on his trust account a check payable to cash in the amount of $6,690.00, which he then gave to Garcia.
MRPC Rule 4.1(a)(1) forbids a lawyer from knowingly making a false statement of material fact or law to a third person, while MRPC Rule 8.1(a) prohibits a lawyer from knowingly making a false statement of material fact in connection with a disciplinary matter. Brown’s misrepresentations to Coston and Bar Counsel that he had prepared a release and sent it to Garcia violated these rules because, at the time Brown made them, he knew them to be untrue. His statements were of facts clearly material to the AGC’s disciplinary investigation because they prompted Bar Counsel to dismiss Coston’s original complaint. Cf. Attorney Grievance Comm’n v. Nussbaum,
Sanction For Violations of MRPC Rules 4.1(a)(1), 8.1(a), 8.4(c), 8.4(d), and Maryland Rule 16-609
Having determined that Brown violated MRPC Rules 4.1(a)(1), 8.1(a), 8.4(c), 8.4(d), and Maryland Rule 16-609, we must now endeavor to fashion the appropriate sanction. Bar Counsel recommends a one year suspension, arguing that case law indicates some period of suspension is appropriate for violations of Rule 8.1(a). Bar Counsel emphasizes that Brown made knowingly false statements on three separate occasions, not only to a third party, but also to Bar Counsel in connection with its disciplinary investigation. These intentional misrepresentations led Coston and Bar Counsel “to believe that he was attempting to assist [Coston] in obtaining a release for her mortgage, when he was not making any such effort.” Brown, on the other hand, requests a 60-day suspension, contending that prior cases where deceitful attorneys had been suspended for longer periods of time involved additional improper conduct, e.g., commingling of funds in a trust account.
This Court imposes sanctions on errant attorneys “to protect the public and the public’s confidence in the legal profession rather than to punish the attorney ... [and] to deter other lawyers from violating the Rules of Professional Conduct.” Attorney Grievance Comm’n v. Taylor,
absence of a prior disciplinary record; absence of a dishonest or selfish motive; personal or emotional problems; timely good faith efforts to make restitution or to rectify consequences of misconduct; full and free disclosure to disciplinary board or cooperative attitude toward proceedings; inexperience in the practice of law; character or reputation; physical or mental disability or impairment; delay in disciplinary proceedings; interim rehabilitation; imposition of other penalties or sanctions; remorse; and finally, remoteness of prior offenses.
Attorney Grievance Comm’n v. Sweitzer,
We agree with Bar Counsel that, here, any sanction less than a suspension would be inappropriate. See Attorney Grievance Comm’n v. Lee,
In looking at the nature of Brown’s violations, we recognize that they did not grow out of a single act of dishonesty, but rather are based on three separate instances of deliberate deceit. Brown misrepresented to Coston that he had sent a release to Garcia. He then duplicated this lie to Bar Counsel on two separate occasions. Significantly, his misrepresentations impeded Coston’s ability to refinance her property and obstructed Bar Counsel’s investigation. In addition to the deceit, Brown improperly withdrew funds from his trust account by drawing Garcia’s check payable to cash.
Yet, we must also weigh Brown’s misconduct against the mitigating factors in this case. First, we note that Brown’s 28-year record as a member of the Maryland Bar is otherwise impeccable. Second, we recognize that Coston was not Brown’s client, and thus Brown had no duty to draft a release on her behalf. Third, while Brown’s improper withdrawal of funds from his client’s trust account via a check payable to cash was certainly a serious violation, he did not aggravate that offense by misusing those funds for personal financial gain. Fourth, despite his earlier hindrance of Bar Counsel’s
Ultimately, an examination of the totality of the circumstances in this case persuades us that suspension for 90 days is appropriate.
IT IS SO ORDERED; RESPONDENT SHALL PAY ALL COSTS AS TAXED BY THE CLERK OF THIS
HARRELL, BATTAGLIA, and BARBERA, JJ., Concur and Dissent.
Notes
. Rule 4.1 Truthfulness in Statements to Others
*273 (a) In the course of representing a client a lawyer shall not knowingly:
(1) make a false statement of material fact or law to a third person; or
(2) fail to disclose a material fact when disclosure is necessary to avoid assisting a criminal or fraudulent act by a client.
(b) The duties stated in this Rule apply even if compliance requires disclosure of information otherwise protected by Rule 1.6.
. Rule 8.1 Bar Admission and Disciplinary Matters
An applicant for admission or reinstatement to the bar, or a lawyer in connection with a bar admission application or in connection with a disciplinary matter, shall not:
(a) knowingly make a false statement of material fact....
. Rule 8.4 Misconduct
It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to:
(a) violate or attempt to violate the Maryland Lawyers’ Rules of Professional Conduct, knowingly assist or induce another to do so, or do so through the acts of another;
(c) engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation;
(d) engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice....
. The dissent urges us to suspend Brown for 180 days. We believe, however, that the cases it cites to support this harsher sanction are distinguishable from the situation here. In Attorney Grievance Comm’n v. Granger,
Finally, the dissent cites Attorney Grievance Comm’n v. Smith,
Concurrence Opinion
concurring and dissenting.
I agree with the Majority opinion in all respects, save the length of the suspension. Rather than the 90-day suspension meted out by the Majority, I would suspend Brown for 6 months.
The Majority opinion makes little attempt to reconcile the facts of the present case (and the resultant flagship violations of MRPC 8.1(a) and 8.4(c) and (d)) with those of any other arguably analogous case, other than to conclude what the sanction should not be. Maj. op. at
Attorney Griev. Comm’n v. Granger,
It seems clear to me from the Court’s sanctions analysis in Granger that what drew the Court to an indefinite suspension sanction was the misappropriation misconduct. Granger,
Also somewhat persuasive, but less so than Granger and Cohen, regarding assessment of the proper length of Brown’s suspension, is Atty. Griev. Comm’n v. Smith,
Multiple intentional misrepresentations perpetrated by Brown are at the core of the present case. The mitigators in the present case, although not nearly as strong or numerous as those in Smith, bear some resemblance to the valid ones found in the present record. That Smith told a whopping big lie to one person and Brown multiple lies to different people, both nonetheless violated MRPC 8.4(c) and (d) (and Smith’s
I would suspend Brown, therefore, for 6 months.
Judges BATTAGLIA and BARBERA authorize me to state that they join in the views expressed in my opinion.
. Respondent has been of scant assistance on this score, having filed no written response to Bar Counsel’s Recommendation for Sanction. At oral argument, his counsel suggested a 60-day suspension, without much support for that result.
. For example, the Majority opinion asserts, op. at
