117 Mich. 477 | Mich. | 1898
The petition shows that in January, 1898, the attention of respondent was called by petition by the city of Detroit to the dangerous character of the crossings at the intersections of the tracks of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company, the Grand Trunk Railway Company, and the Michigan Central Railroad Company, with Michigan, Woodward, Gratiot, and Grand River avenues in the city of Detroit. In February following, the respondent made an investigation, and determined that there was a necessity for a separation of grades at the intersection of the streets and railroads men
In 1873 the legislature passed an act entitled—
“An act to provide for the appointment of a commissioner of railroads, and to define his powers, duties, and fix his compensation.” Act No. 79, Laws 1873.
Section 17 of that act, so far as it is material to the question involved, provides:
“Whenever, in the opinion of the commissioner of railroads, the safety of the public would be more efficiently secured by stationing a flagman to signal trains where a highway or street-is crossed by any railroad, or where one railroad crosses or intersects another railroad, or by the building of a gate or bridge at such highway,- street, or railroad crossing or intersection, he shall direct the corporation or corporations owning or operating any such railroad or railroads to station a flagman or to erect and maintain a bridge or gate at such crossing, as the public safety may demand. * * * Any corporation or corporations neglecting or refusing to construct such gate or bridge, or to maintain such flagman, so directed as aforesaid, shall each forfeit for every such neglect or refusal the sum of one hundred dollars, and the further sum of ten*479 dollars for every day which such neglect or refusal shall continue. * * * ”
Act No. 92, Pub. Acts 1893, is entitled:
“An act to provide separate grades for railroads and public highways and streets where railroads intersect such highways and streets.”
(1) That act provides for a standing board or commission, consisting of the commissioner of railroads and two other persons, to be appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, every two years, charged with the duty. (2) It provides that upon proper application to it in that regard, as provided in said act, said board shall investigate the necessity for the separation of grades at the crossing designated in such application. (3) It provides that, in case said board finds such separation necessary, it shall determine whether the grade of the railroad or of the highway or street shall be raised or lowered, and how much. (4) It provides that the new grade of the' street shall not exceed a maximum of one foot in ten, or of the railroad one foot in one hundred. (5) It provides that such board shall estimate the cost and expense of constructing the work, and the equitable proportion which shall be borne by the railway company and the municipality, respectively. (6) It requires the board to make a report,' setting forth in detail the plan by it adopted, to which report shall be attached, as part thereof, the plan of construction, profile, and map mentioned in said report, and said report shall state the cost and expense of the work to be done or constructed by the municipality. (7) It gives said board authority to employ an engineer to assist it in determining upon and making profiles, plans, estimates, and reports, and such clerical assistance as it may need. (8) It makes provision for the commencement and carrying on the proceedings to separate grades in accordance with the plans provided by said board.
From the view we take of these statutes, we deem it unnecessary to consider the question of the power of the
“The ordinance of 1870 does not expressly repeal the ninth, tenth, and eleventh sections of the ordinance of 1862, and it is a familiar doctrine that repeals by implication are not favored. When there are two laws on the same subject, the rule is to give both effect, if possible. But if the two are repugnant in their provisions, the later, to the extent of the repugnancy, operates as a repeal of*481 the former; and where they are not repugnant in terms, yet if the later act covers the whole subject-matter, and it appears that it was intended as a substitute for the first act, it will operate as a repeal of that act. * * * To have the rescinding effect, it is not necessary that the subsequent act should have every provision of the former one. It is sufficient if it revises the whole subject-matter, and an intention is manifest to make it a substitute for the earlier act. * * * Every statute must be considered according to what appears to have been the intention of the legislature, , and, even though two statutes relating to the same subject be not in terms repugnant or inconsistent, if the later statute is clearly intended to prescribe the only rule which should govern the case provided for, it will be construed as repealing the original act.”
This statement is only the reiteration of the general rule laid down by text-writers and the courts generally. Sedg. Stat. & Const. Law (2d Ed.), 100; Crowell v. Jaqua, 114 Ind. 246; Mersereau v. Mersereau Co., 51 N. J. Eq. 382; Murdock v. City of Memphis, 20 Wall. 617; Bartlet v. King, 12 Mass. 536 (7 Am. Dec. 99); District of Columbia v. Hutton, 143 U. S. 18, and cases cited.
But counsel for relator contends that the case of Ft. Street Union Depot Co. v. State Railroad-Crossing Board, 81 Mich. 248, has a bearing upon the question here. The validity of the act was not raised or questioned in that case, and consequently was not considered or discussed by this court.
The writ of mandamus must be denied.