103 Mass. 138 | Mass. | 1869
This is an information in the nature of a quo warranta. The defendants have demurred; and the only question before the court is, whether upon the facts stated in the information it can be sustained.
Under the St. of 1864, c. 268, “ for supplying the city of Salem with pure water,” the said city has constructed works for supplying the inhabitants with water at an expense of a million dollars or more, and has issued scrip or bonds to that amount. The thirteenth section of said act provides that “ the city council shall establish such price or rents to be paid for the use of the water, as to provide annually, if practicable, from the net income and receipts therefor, for the payment of the interest, and not less than one per cent, of the principal of the £ city of Salem water loan,’ and shall determine the manner of collecting the same. The net surplus income and receipts, after deducting all expenses and charges of distribution, shall be set apart as sinking fund, and applied solely to theSprincipal and interest of said loan until the same is fully paid and discharged.”
The information alleges, in substance, that the city, disregarding these provisions of law, has established merely nominal rates and rents to be paid for water, with the fraudulent inten and purpose to distribute water free to all its inhabitants and to all its business men and corporations, and to tax the property and polls of the inhabitants to pay said interest upon the water
An information in the nature of quo warranta has, in modern practice, taken the place of the ancient writ of quo warranta, which was in the nature of a writ of right for the king against him who claims or usurps any office, franchise or liberty, to inquire by what authority he supports his claim, in order to determine the right. 3 Bl. Com. 262. 6 Dane Ab. 360. Cole on Informations, 110. Such information lies when the party proceeded against has usurped some office, franchise or liberty, to which he has no right; or when, having an office or franchise, he has by nonuser or abuse forfeited it, and the information is brought for the purpose of enforcing such forfeiture. People v. Bristol & Rensselaerville Turnpike Co. 23 Wend. 222. But it is not the appropriate remedy when the object is to enforce the performance of duties imposed by law.
The judgments upon an information in the nature of a quo warranta are adapted to the purposes above stated. The judgment may be, that the franchise usurped or abused be seized and forfeited to the Commonwealth, if the Commonwealth can enjoy it; or, if the Commonwealth cannot enjoy it, the judgment is ouster and fine. Such judgment, in either form, is clearly inapplicable, where the purpose of the proceeding is to compel the performance of a duty which the defendant neglects or refuses to perform, or to restrain the improper use of a franchise or power, clearly granted, which does not work a forfeiture of the whole franchise.
In the case at bar, upon a careful analysis of the allegations in the information, it is plain that the grievance complained of
.Upon this information, if any judgment is rendered against the defendant it would be a judgment of forfeiture of and ouster from the whole of the franchise. This the plaintiff does not claim. People v. Bristol & Rensselaerville Turnpike Co. 23 Wend. 222. People v. Bank of Hudson, 6 Cowen, 217. This information does not allege such forfeiture, and does not pray for a judgment of forfeiture or ouster. Upon the whole, we are of the opinion that this information cannot be sustained.
We have not felt called upon to consider whether, under our political system, an information in the nature of a quo warranta can under any, and, if any, what, circumstances, be maintained against a city, town or other municipal corporation.
But the plaintiffs urge that this proceeding may be treated as a proceeding for general relief on the equity side of the court. If the necessary amendments were made to change it into an information or a bill in equity, we are of opinion that still it could not be sustained. Whether, in this state, in the absence of any express grant of equity jurisdiction, the attorney general can bring a bill in equity to redress any public wrong or grievance, need not be decided. It is clear that such a bill cannot be sustained for relief against a private wrong. In this case, the grievance complained of is not a public wrong, in which every subject of the state is interested; and therefore cannot be re