154 Mich. 584 | Mich. | 1908
(after stating the facts). It will be observed that both the original and the- amended section relate exclusively to the office of superintendent of schools, except that they also authorize the appointment of a secretary who may be the superintendent. The amended act amends the old act only in providing for the election of a new superintendent in 1909, at the termination of the term of the then superintendent. It does not in terms, and was not intended to, affect the term of office or the conditions under which the then incumbent was holding. I think that clause of the amended act reading: “ The superintendent shall receive such salary as shall be fixed by the board ” refers exclusively to the superintendent to be appointed under the act. The intent to authorize the expenditure of money and to increase the salary of an officer or employé who has been appointed for a specified term and at a specified salary, under a law which continues him in office for a specified time and at a specified salary, ought very clearly to appear. The act in question preserves the status quo of the superintendent who was then in office. It gives authority to appoint a new superintendent at or after a given time, and at such salary as the board may then authorize. This court said in Perrin v. Kellogg, 37 Mich. 316:
“Statutes can apply to future transactions only, unless they are expressly given effect on previous transactions, or unless some of their terms cannot be met otherwise.”
I am unable to discern how any intention to change the status of Mr. Martindale’s tenure or terms of service can
“ The office of each [viz., a saving clause or proviso in a statute] is to except some particular case from a general principle, where, from peculiar circumstances attending the case, there would be some hardship, if it were not ex*589 cepted, to qualify, restrain, or otherwise modify the general language of an enacting clause, or to exclude some possible ground of misinterpretation which might exist if cases, which the legislature did not mean to include, were brought within the statute. And as to a proviso, it has been said its function is that of limiting the language of the lawmaker, not of enlarging or extending the act or section of which it is a part, and its effect that of negativing an authority granted beyond its prescribed and clearly defined limits.” Endlich on Interpretation of Statutes, § 184.
I think the decree should be reversed, and the case remanded for further proceedings in accordance with the practice of the court.
Moore, J. A sufficient statement of the facts appears in the opinion of Chief Justice Grant. This case was heard before four of the judges of the circuit court for the county of Wayne, all of whom joined in a written opinion, part of which expresses the views which I think ought to control. I quote from the opinion as follows:
“After the passage of the act, the board of education increased the salary of the superintendent from $4,000 to $6,000 per annum. Complainant contends that the board exhausted its power of fixing the salary at the time of appointment; that no power existed at the time of the raising of the salary to take such action; that the submission to and the action of the board of estimates upon the matter of annual -salary precluded any action during the current year, and that to give the construction to the act claimed by the board would be in violation of article 4, § 21, of the Constitution.
“ It is a cardinal rule of statutory construction that full effect shall be given to every part of the act under consideration. Every clause and every word is presumed to have some force and meaning. No portion should be rendered nugatory. If the complainant’s construction were tenable, it would render the immediate effect clause useless. The only possible object the legislature could have had in the giving of immediate effect is to empower the board to increase the salary which theretofore had been under limitation. To no other part of the act as*590 amended is this clause apposite. Viewed in this light, the citation of counsel to establish the proposition that the power of the board, having been once exercised, was exhausted, does not seem appropriate. In our opinion the very purpose of the amendment was but a new grant of power.
“Education in Michigan belongs to the State. It is no part of the local self-government inherent in the township or municipality, except so far as the legislature may choose to make it such. The Constitution has turned the whole subject over to the legislature. Belles v. Burr, 76 Mich. 1. The primary school fund may be used for teachers’ salaries, and the superintendent is by the terms of the act a teacher. Eor these reasons the action of the board of estimates does not control.
“The superintendent is in no sense a contractor, and the increase of salary looks to the future, and not to the past. The demurrer to the bill must be sustained, and the bill dismissed.”
See Hunt, ex rel. Snow, v. Buhrer, 133 Mich. 107, and the cases there cited; Hudson v. Attorney General, 150 Mich. 67, and the cases there cited.
I think the decree should be affirmed, with costs.