Atlantic Terra Cotta Co. v. Groetzler

150 Wis. 19 | Wis. | 1912

BasNes, J.

The appellant contends (1) that it shipped the terra cotta contracted for within the time required by the contract, and that in any event if there was a breach of the contract in tbis regard it was waived; and (2) that it was entitled to recover tbe amount of $44.10 paid to its employee for work in reconstructing tbe columns in tbe front of tbe building. Tbe referee found that proper detailed drawings and complete information were in tbe bands of tbe plaintiff as early as May 21, 1909, and that tbe eight-weeks period for shipment provided for in tbe contract should be computed from that date. Tbe appellant contends that it was not in possession of such drawings and information until June 16th, and that tbe time for delivery should be computed from that date. Tbe first shipment was not made until August 14, 1909; tbe second was made August 21st, and tbe final one September 15th.

The contract used was a printed form prepared by tbe plaintiff. At tbe end of tbe fourth article thereof tbe following addition was made in typewriting: “It is further agreed that manufacturer will make up and furnish to tbe architect all details for bis correction, etc., ás to measurements.”

Tbe following portion of article V was printed, except tbe word “eight,” which was in typewriting:

“Tbe first shipment of tbe material covered by tbis contract shall be begun within eight weeks from tbe date of receipt by tbe manufacturer of proper detail drawings and complete information from which to make tbe work, and tbe balance of tbe material shall be delivered as rapidly as tbe construction at tbe building shall require tbe same, provided complete drawings and information be received prior to-.”

Immediately thereafter tbe following was inserted in typewriting :

“Manufacturer agrees to ship the material required below tbe moulded course over first-story-windows within tbe time mentioned above or at least enough of it so that tbe middle store next to main entrance Eighth street front can be occupied by August first, 1909.”

The contract was executed on May 26, 1909. Tbe plans and specifications drawn by tbe architect bad been in tbe bands of tbe plaintiff for some time before tbis date. Tbe referee found on sufficient evidence tbat it required eight days for a car to reach Manitowoc from plaintiffs factory; tbat it required ten days to unload, lay out, and set in place tbe terra cotta needed for tbe middle store so as to bave it ready for occupancy by August 1st, and tbat tbe material required for said store building should bave been shipped as early as July 13th. It is undisputed tbat tbe first carload was shipped August 14th, tbe second August 21st, and tbe final car September 15th. Tbe referee also found tbat under tbe contract tbe plaintiff was obliged to ship all of tbe terra cotta within eight weeks from May 27th.

There is some force in tbe claim of tbe appellant tbat, inasmuch as it was obliged to prepare details and submit them to tbe architect for approval, tbe eight-weeks period did not commence to run until such details were completed and sent to tbe architect and approved and returned by him. Tbe matter of settling upon the details and of receiving “coniplete information,” according to appellant’s contention, was not concluded until June 16 th.

If we were to adopt tbe construction of tbe contract most favorable to tbe appellant tbat it would possibly bear, it is apparent tbat there were two substantial breaches of it.

It is clear tbat tbe undertaking of tbe appellant to furnish enough terra cotta so tbat tbe middle store could be made ready for occupancy by August 1st was absolute, unless there was some unnecessary delay for which tbe respondent was responsible, and there was none. Tbis material should bave been shipped as early as July 13th, whereas tbe first shipment was not made until more than a month thereafter. Conceding tbat tbe eight-weeks period as to all of tbe material except tbat needed to complete tbe middle store began to run on June 16th instead of May 27th, tbe contract was breached as to tbis portion of tbe terra cotta also, because it provided tbat after tbe eight weeks bad elapsed tbe material was to be “delivered as rapidly as the construction at the building shall require the same.” This was not done. The eight-weeks period, computed from June 16th, would expire August 11th, and the last shipment was not made until September 4th, and the evidence shows there was considerable delay and waiting for this last shipment as well as for the others.

It is apparent, therefore, that if the contract he given a construction decidedly favorable to the appellant, it was breached in the two particulars mentioned, and these breaches would be sufficient to sustain the judgment if we knew that the same damages would result therefrom as were found to result from the breaches found by the referee and the circuit judge. The referee reached the conclusion that appellant was obliged to ship the terra cotta needed for the middle store as early as July 13th, and to commence shipping the balance by July 22d, that is, eight weeks from May 27th, and further found that the respondents sustained the following items of damage because of noncompliance with the contract so interpreted: Extra cost in the erection of inside walls, $120; extra cost in rebuilding scaffolds and shoring up joists, $117.50; expense of heating, due to delay in the work until cold weather set in, $98; material and labor furnished plaintiff in resetting columns, $44; making in all $379.50. It might well be that if the referee had concluded that appellant was not obliged to begin shipping the terra cotta, except that required for the middle building, until eight weeks from June 16th instead of eight weeks from May 27th, he would not have allowed as much damages as he did for extra fuel cost and possibly not so much on some other items. We therefore conclude that the judgment must be sustained, if it is sustained, on the theory that the referee and the court placed a proper interpretation on the contract. The difficulty in arriving at the intention of the parties is due to the fact that art. Y of the contract as printed was allowed to remain intact and uncompleted although it did not express the agreement arrived at, and because it is not clear to what extent the parties intended to-modify it by the written portion of the contract immediately following. It is a well recognized rule of construction that where a contract “is written in part and printed in part, as-where it has been filled in upon a printed form, the parties usually pay much more attention to the written parts than to-the printed parts. Accordingly, if the written provisions cannot be reconciled with the printed, the written provisions control.” Hicks P. Co. v. Wis. Cent. R. Co. 138 Wis. 584, 589, 120 N. W. 512; Gilbert v. Stockman, 76 Wis. 62, 65, 44 N. W. 845; 2 Page, Contracts, § 1119.

The referee concluded that the parties intended that the eight-weeks period should commence to run from the day after the date of the contract, and that, taking art. Y as a whole,, there was no design to extend the period of delivery until eight weeks after the details had been completed and were approved and returned by the architect. In support of this construction, it appears that the printed portion of the contract requires the contractor, instead of the manufacturer’, to make- and furnish details. If this provision was permitted to remain intact, the reason for having the eight-weeks period begin to run after the details were furnished is obvious. The plaintiff could not know when the details would be furnished by someone else. But this part of the contract was modified by requiring the plaintiff to furnish the details, so the time-of their preparation was under its control and it knew just how long their preparation would take. In the next place it is somewhat significant that, after providing for the first shipment, the printed portion of the contract is incomplete as to-when the balance of the material shall be shipped. It repites that the same shall be shipped as rapidly as the construction of the building shall require, “provided complete drawings- and information be received prior to,” — no date being inserted. More significant still is the language used in the typewritten portion of art. Y. By it the manufacturer agreed to-ship tbe material for tbe middle store within “tbe time mentioned above,” or enough of it so that tbe store could be occupied by August 1st. Tbe words “time mentioned above” mean either “eight weeks” from tbe date of tbe contract or they mean eight weeks from the time within which detail drawings would be prepared and approved and full information furnished. If they mean the latter, then it is perfectly apparent that the details could not be prepared at Perth Am-boy, New Jersey, forwarded to Manitowoc for approval by the architect, and be returned by him to the shop, and eight weeks time taken thereafter to prepare and load the material, and still have it arrive in time to permit the completion of the middle store building by August 1st. There is nothing to indicate that this date was inserted for the purpose of shortening the time of performance of the contract. On the contrary, it would seem to have been inserted for the benefit of the manufacturer. The material below the moulded course over the first-story windows was to be shipped “within the time mentioned above,” or “at least enough of it” to permit the middle store'to be occupied by August 1st The parties evidently had in mind that all of the terra cotta below the moulded course referred to should be shipped before August 1st in order to meet the contract requirements. This is consistent with the idea that the eight-weeks period commenced to run with the date of the contract and that the parties understood that in so far as the time of performance was involved the plans and specifications which the plaintiff had in its possession for some time and from which it proposed to prepare the details consti-. tuted the full information which the defendants were to furnish. It is clear that the contractor was not required to either make or furnish detail drawings, notwithstanding what is said in art. Y of the contract. If any particular significance is to be given to the words “receipt ... of complete information,” we think the parties had in mind the plans and specifications rather than any comments which the architect might make on the details which were sent to him for approval.

On the other points raised the findings of the referee are sustained by the evidence. We find no error in the record, and the judgment must therefore be affirmed.

By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.