119 Mo. App. 119 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1906
Plaintiff resides at Shreveport, Louisiana, and defendant at Kansas City, Missouri, and both were dealers in grain. Plaintiff ordered of defendant a carload of corn, the agreement therefor being evidenced by the following letter written and sent to the former by the latter, viz.:
“We have booked your order as per your wire of today for one car of corn in shuck at 47 l-2c per bu., delivered at Shreveport, our certificate of weight to be accepted as final. The corn will be loaded and gotten to destination as promptly as railroad facilities will permit, but with the understanding that as we do not control the M. K. & T. road no cancellation is permitted if delayed in transit, although we will follow with tracer and do what we can to get to destination as quickly as possible. We thank you for the order and ask a continuance of your valued patronage.”
The corn was shipped on the 18th of December and arrived at Shreveport on the 23rd or 24th. Plaintiff paid for the corn on the 24th by paying the draft attached to the bill of lading. They did not inspect it at Shreveport, though by the terms of the bill of lading they had a right to do so, but reshipped in same car to Lake End, a point fifty-six miles further on, where it arrived, on the 26th. It was then found to be wet, sour, rotten, and
The foregoing contract was what is known as an ex-ecutory contract for sale of chattels to he procured and there was, therefore, an implied warranty from defendant to plaintiff that the corn would be sound and merchantable when it arrived at Shreveport, the place of delivery where the sale was to be completed. [2 Mechem on Sales, sec. 1340; Babcock v. Trice, 18 Ill. 420; Howard v. Hoey, 23 Wend. 350; Murchie v. Cornell, 155 Mass. 60; Rodgers v. Niles, 11 Ohio St. 48.]
. There was evidence on part of defendant tending to show that the corn was sound and merchantable when shipped on the 18th of December. There was also evidence on part of plaintiff tending to show that it was not sound and was not fit for use when it arrived at Shreveport. We consider that the evidence tending to show that the corn was in good condition when it left-point of shipment tended to show, by reasonable inference, that it arrived at Shreveport in like good condition six days later; there being nothing to show that it was exposed to injurious influences on the way. So, on the other hand,'we consider the evidence tending to show that it arrived at Shreveport in bad condition, if there was any, tends to show that it left point of shipment in bad condition. But it is part of defendant’s contention that there was no evidence to show it arrived in Shreveport in bad condition. On the ground of the following-consideration we think there was such evidence. It was shown that on arrival at Lake End, only fifty-six miles away, it was in the unmerchantable condition stated and that place was only a half day’s journey by railroad. So, allowing- that it arrived at Shreveport on Saturday, the 24th, and was shipped out on Monday, the 26th, arriving at Lake End the same day, there was only the short intervening time of forty-eight hours. It is not reasonable to suppose that corn which was in sound condition and merchantable quality in Shreveport would be wet,
The foregoing was the state of the evidence and under such evidence the court amended plaintiff’s instruction over their objection so that it read as follows: “The court instructs the jury that under the contract between plaintiff and. defendant for the purchase and sale of the corn referred to in the evidence there was an implied warranty by and from defendant to plaintiff that said corn would be delivered to plaintiff in a reasonably fit condition for some purpose for which it is ordinarily used, or that it would be merchantable, and if you find from the evidence that said corn was not in a reasonably fit condition for some purpose for which it is ordinarily used, and not merchantable, then your verdict must be for the plaintiff. By merchantable as used in this instruction is meant that the corn would be of fair average quality or goodness according to its kind, free from remarkable defects and as such salable in the market at average or ordinary price.”
The instruction as offered by plaintiff required that the corn should have been “in a reasonably fit condition for the purpose or purposes for which it is ordinarily used and that it would be merchantable.” The change to “some” purpose was improper. So we think it was improper to substitute “or,” for “and.” The plaintiff was entitled to corn that could be put to the ordinary purposes for which corn is used, and also be merchantable. The buyer, of course, has a right to use the corn' himself and therefore it should be reasonably fit for the ordinary-purposes for which such corn is put. It need not, however, be corn of special selection or fit for some exceptional purpose. He likewise has a right to sell it and therefore it should be in such condition to be merchantable.
Passing by the error of introducing the issue of fraud into the case by this instruction, when nO' such charge had been made and no such issue had been tendered, we consider the instruction to be erroneous in affirming, as it, in effect, did, that if plaintiff had opportunity to inspect at Shreveport before paying the draft, he could not rely upon the implied warranty of sound merchantable quality and must pay the full contract price. Stated in a different way, the instruction is grounded upon a view of the law that in executory contracts for the sale of personal property, a warranty, as a matter of law, does not survive an inspection or an opportunity to inspect by the buyer. There are authorities supporting that view, but we believe the weight of authority and the better reason is with the opposing statement, viz., that if there be a warranty, express or implied, the buyer does not necessarily waive it by acceptance. He may accept the goods and yet rely on his warranty when sued for the contract price. [Morse v. Moore, 83 Maine 473; Babcock v. Trice, 18 Ill. 420; Holloway v. Jacoby, 120 Pa. St. 583; English v. Spokane Com. Co., 57 Fed. Rep. 451; Gould v. Stein, 149 Mass. 570, 577; Brigg v. Hilton, 99 N. Y. 517.] The question whether lie has accepted the article in discharge of the contract or has waived the warranty is one of fact to be determined by the triers of the fact.
So, therefore, if we allow to defendant the full scope of its insistence , that an opportunity and failure to inspect the corn at Shreveport was of the same effect as an actual inspection. And allowing to defendant that the rebilling and shipment of the corn to Lake End Avas an actual acceptance.. Yet, as appears from what we have Avritten, plaintiff is not cut off from use of the implied Avarranty which arose out of the transaction.
Nor do Ave regard the circumstances of plaintiff having paid for the corn as a bar to his right to assert the
There is a difference in the authorities on the subject whether on discovering the defect covered by the warranty, the buyer should notify the seller, or lose his remedy. This subject need not be discussed, as the record shows that the defendant was duly notified of .the condition of the corn.
The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.