Appellant Sheryll Denise Aswell J appeals the order of the Benton County Circuit Court that granted appellee Mickey Lane Aswell’s petition to hold her in contempt for failure to reimburse him for one-half of the college expenses incurred for their son, Chalin, and that granted attorney’s fees to appellee. We reverse and dismiss.
The parties divorced in January 1991. Appellant was awarded custody of the parties’ children, and appellee was ordered to pay child support. In the order settling ah of their domestic issues, which was approved by the trial court granting the divorce, the parties agreed to the following provision:
Husband shall pay half of the children’s college tuition and expenses, and Wife shall pay the other half of children’s college tuition and expenses.
By the summer of 2002, two of their three children had reached the age of majority. The oldest child, Myia, did not attend college. However, the middle child, Chalin, chose to attend Davidson College, beginning in the fall of2002. On May 12, 2003, after Chalin had completed his first year, appellee filed a petition seeking to hold appellant in contempt for her failure to reimburse him for her half of Chalin’s college expenses. Appellee did not disclose the amount he was demanding of appellant, $3,991.22, until May 25, 2003.
At the August 18, 2003, hearing, appellant acknowledged that she voluntarily agreed to the paragraph dividing college expenses and was represented by counsel at the time they divorced in 1991. Appellant said that she thought it was “standard” for divorces and that if she did not have the money when the children entered college, the children could take advantage of scholarships, grants, and loans. Appellant said that if she were forced to pay one-half of the Davidson College expenses, it would compromise her ability to care for their eleven-year-old son remaining in her home, who had a congenital heart defect, Tourette’s syndrome, and seizures. Appellant testified that as a junior high school study-hall teacher she earned only $13,500 annually, an amount far less than appellee’s income.
Appellant added that she had surgery scheduled to take place in the near future to remove a rare non-malignant brain tumor. The brain tumor causes her to suffer fatigue, headaches, and dizziness. She expected that after surgery she would not be able to work for at least six to eight weeks and, if the surgery was successful, she would not suffer paralysis. Nevertheless, she would lose hearing in her left ear. While off work, her disability insurance policy would provide her income of only 60% of her usual pay.
Appellant said that her monthly expenses of over $1800 exceeded her income, which included the child support appellee was paying for the youngest child in her custody. Appellant explained that she used credit cards to finance the cost of their youngest child’s orthodontic braces, the remaining balance due on her car loan, medical charges, and other payments. Appellant said that she did not have the ability to pay the current request for college expenses or her half of the next year’s expected cost of over $35,000. Appellant testified, “I have no idea how I’m going to make it financially.”
In a proffer of testimony, which was not considered by the trial judge, appellant’s counsel stated that appellant would have testified that appellee focused all of his parental attention on Chalin, exercising no visitation and extending no interest in a relationship with the parties’ other two children. Further, appellant would have explained that their adult daughter Myia had been diagnosed manic-depressive and suicidal and had been hospitalized for several months. Consequently, appellant had been left to care for Myia’s four-year-old daughter (the parties’ granddaughter) and had been requested to be financially responsible to a limited extent with regard to this granddaughter.
Appellee testified that he and his son Chalin conferred about which college he should attend, but that Chalin made the final decision. Appellee testified that he and appellant had conversations about Chalin’s education costs prior to the fall of 2002, but he said that appellant refused to assist with those expenses. For his first year of attendance, Chalin was awarded a sizable grant and football scholarship that covered most of the cost. Appellee admitted that he did not provide any information to appellant about how much she owed until May 25, 2003, after Chalin completed
After considering the proof, the trial judge found that the parties freely, voluntarily, and intelligently entered into this college-expense agreement; that it was a reasonable and rational provision; and that appellant’s pending health problems and surgery were not a defense to the petition for contempt. 1 The trial judge held appellant in contempt for failure to pay the amounts to which she agreed, giving her thirty days in which to pay appellee or face incarceration until that obligation was fulfilled. The trial judge also ordered appellant to pay $350 to appellee for his attorney’s fees. This appeal followed, and appellant asserts on appeal that the trial judge erred by holding her in contempt, by awarding an attorney’s fee in the absence of a request, by imposing incarceration if she did not pay the college expenses within thirty days, and by refusing to consider the additional responsibilities that the other children’s needs placed on her.
In cases involving child custody and related matters such as support, we review the case de novo, but we will not reverse a trial judge’s findings unless they are clearly erroneous or clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. Deluca v. Stapleton,
A parent can contract and bind himself to support a child past the age of majority, and such a contract is just as binding and enforceable as any other contract. Worthington v. Worthington,
Appellant agrees that she did not pay her half of Chalin’s first year of college expenses, but she defended herself on the basis that she simply could not afford it and would be even less able to do so in the coming months. To conclude that this was willful disobedience on her part is clearly erroneous, clearly against a preponderance of the evidence, and therefore we reverse and dismiss the contempt citation.
A trial court’s power to institute civil contempt in order to acquire compliance with its orders is a long-standing rule of law, but it may not be exercised where the alleged contemnor is without the ability to comply. The practice of imprisoning people for debts was abolished by the
We hold that the trial judge herein erred because appellant demonstrated by more than a preponderance of the evidence that her failure to reimburse appellee for half of Chalin’s college expenses was not due to “willful obstinacy” but instead financial inability coupled with ill health. Further demonstrating the lack of willful disobedience, appellant was not provided information about the sum appellee was demanding until after he filed his motion for contempt, and the motion was heard within three months of his demand. In addition, on de novo review, we deem it relevant that appellant bore additional responsibilities that affected her ability to pay. In sum, the trial judge’s finding of contempt is clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. See also Feazell v. Feazell,
Appellant argues additionally that her defense to the contempt petition was hampered by the trial court’s exclusion of her proffered testimony. In that proffer, appellant averred (1) that appellee did not participate whatsoever in the care of either of the other two children; (2) that appellee gave gifts and attention only to the middle child, Chalin; and (3) that appellant was the sole person left to assist in the care of their mentally ill daughter and minor granddaughter over whom she carried some financial responsibility. The trial judge ruled this particular line of questioning irrelevant and immaterial to the issue of whether appellant had willfully failed to pay her portion of college expenses. Evidentiary rulings are a matter of discretion, and are reviewed only for abuse of that discretion. See Taylor v. Taylor,
We agree that it was irrelevant to these proceedings whether appellant ever exercised visitation with the other two children or gave them any attention. However, relevant and material were the assertions that their daughter’s illness required appellant to take care of their granddaughter, including assuming some financial responsibilities. The trial judge’s exclusion of this evidence unfairly interfered with appellant’s defense in this matter and constituted an abuse of discretion.
Appellant also appeals the order to pay attorney’s fees to appellee, in light of the lack of a request for fees and a lack of any
The order on appeal is reversed and dismissed.
Notes
While these findings would clearly support an award of monetary damages, appel-lee’s petition only sought that appellant be held in contempt.