589 N.E.2d 102 | Ohio Ct. App. | 1991
Lead Opinion
This is an appeal by appellant from a judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas reversing appellant's decision that appellee had discriminated against an employee on the basis of the employee's handicap. The trial court found that appellant had failed to establish a prima facie case of handicap discrimination. *552
Appellee, Asplundh Tree Expert Co. ("Asplundh"), is a multi-national company with offices in this state engaged in the business of tree trimming. Appellee employed Gary Wayne Payton in September 1977 as a tree trimmer, which position was classified as a Trimmer E. Over the ensuing two and one-half years, Payton held several positions with the company, ultimately holding the position of Trimmer A, the highest classification of tree trimmer. As a Trimmer A, Payton worked on a three-man crew which trimmed tree limbs and brush from electrical supply lines. Most of this trimming work was done from a lift bucket so that little tree climbing was involved. In performing his duties from the bucket, Payton was sometimes required to use a saw weighing in excess of thirty-five pounds in addition to tools weighing less.
Payton was injured in May 1980 when he was struck by an automobile during the course of his employment as he was removing brush from the road. As a result of the accident, Payton sustained two broken legs which required him to be off work for approximately eight months. When he was released for work in January 1981, Payton continued to perform his previous job duties with the medical restriction that he not climb trees. The foreman of Payton's crew accommodated this restriction by having himself or another crew member climb trees on the infrequent occasion that such climbing was required.
Because Payton continued to have problems with his left knee, he underwent additional surgery on that knee in 1982 and was again released to work on August 30, 1982, with the previous restriction against climbing and an additional restriction against lifting weight in excess of thirty-five pounds. Payton was able to perform the majority of his duties, the other crew members assisting him when lifting weights in excess of thirty-five pounds.
During the period 1982 through 1986, Payton's work crew received high ratings for its productivity. Payton's foreman considered the crew his best crew ever. Also, during this period, in November 1985, Payton assisted a co-worker in a race discrimination claim filed with respondent-appellant, Ohio Civil Rights Commission ("commission"). The substance of Payton's statement to the commission was that appellee had continued to employ Payton with his medical restriction while failing to accommodate a black co-worker who also was medically restricted.
When Payton experienced increased swelling and pain in his left knee in early 1986, he underwent additional surgery. Subsequent to the surgery, Payton's physician once again released him in May 1986 to return to work with the same medical restrictions against climbing and lifting weights over thirty-five pounds. Appellee, on May 12, 1986, informed Payton that, due to a change of policy, the company was unwilling to accommodate any medical *553 restriction and that Payton could not return to his former position until he was one hundred percent fully recovered.
Thereafter, on May 16, 1986, Payton filed a charge affidavit with the commission alleging unlawful discriminatory practices by appellee. Specifically, Payton alleged that appellee had discriminated against him in the terms and conditions of his employment on account of his handicap and that appellee had failed to reinstate him in retaliation for having participated in the prior race-discrimination investigation conducted by the commission.
The commission's efforts to eliminate the alleged discriminatory practices through conciliation were unsuccessful and a complaint was issued on March 4, 1987. The complaint alleged that appellee's failure to reinstate Payton was motivated in part by Payton's handicap and in retaliation for Payton's having participated in the commission investigation.
The matter was heard before a hearing officer of the commission in July 1987, who issued findings of fact, conclusions of law and recommendations in February 1988. The hearing officer concluded that the commission had established a prima facie case of handicap discrimination and that appellee had failed to prove its affirmative defense. More particularly, the hearing officer concluded that Payton, although handicapped, could safely and substantially perform the essential functions of his job. As support for this conclusion, the hearing officer pointed to the fact that Payton continued to perform his job duties following his July 1982 surgery until March 1986, although working under climbing and weight-lifting restrictions. During this time period, the hearing officer noted that there was no evidence that Payton experienced any problems in performing his job or that he had ever received any discipline regarding his job performance. This fact was underscored, in the hearing officer's opinion, by the testimony of Payton's foreman that Payton's crew was highly productive. The hearing officer also concluded that Payton could perform his job duties in a safe manner despite climbing and weight-lifting restrictions.
The hearing examiner did, however, conclude that the alleged retaliatory conduct engaged in by appellee was not proved by the commission.
Accordingly, the hearing examiner recommended that the commission order appellee to cease and desist from all discriminatory practices in contravention of R.C. Chapter 4112, that appellee recall Payton to his former position of employment, and that appellee pay Payton back wages for the period he was wrongfully excluded from his position.
Following the objections filed by appellee, the commission filed its own findings of fact, conclusions of law and order, which essentially reproduced the recommendation of its hearing examiner. *554
Appellee, on June 3, 1988, timely appealed the commission's findings and order to the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas pursuant to R.C.
The commission now appeals and sets forth the following assignments of error:
"1. The common pleas court, as a reviewing court, abused its discretion by reweighing the evidence and substituting its judgment for that of the Ohio Civil Rights Commission.
"2. The commission's order is supported by reliable, probative and substantial evidence.
"3. The commission established a prima facie case of handicap discrimination.
"4. The record contains ample proof that Payton is a qualified handicapped person who can safely perform the functions of the trimmer `A' job."
Although the commission assigns four errors for our review, its arguments center upon one issue. Specifically, the commission contends that the common pleas court abused its discretion in reversing the commission's order since that order was supported by reliable, probative and substantial evidence in the record. It is the position of the commission that it adduced sufficient evidence to sustain its burden of establishing that Payton could safely and substantially perform the functions of a Trimmer A. As support for this position, the commission points to Payton's ability to perform the trimming and brush-clearing activities required of a Trimmer A for the four-year interval between his July 1982 surgery and his March 1986 surgery, the testimony of Payton's foreman regarding the productivity of Payton's crew, and the absence of any disciplinary action taken against Payton by appellee because of Payton's inability to perform his job.
Appellee, on appeal, concedes that the sole issue presented is whether Payton could safely and substantially perform the duties of his job. Specifically, appellee maintains that the commission failed to adduce sufficient evidence as to Payton's ability to safely or substantially perform his job duties. *555
As to the former, appellee contends that Payton's handicap posed an elevated risk of injury to either himself or his fellow employees as evidenced by Payton's history of medical treatment and surgeries. As support for this contention, appellee relies upon the decision rendered in Mantolete v. Bolger (C.A.9, 1985),
Since the parties' arguments focus on the requisite quantum of evidence necessary to establish a prima facie case of handicap discrimination, it is important to note the elements of a prima facie case for handicap discrimination:
"To prove a prima facie case of handicap discrimination the commission must show not only that the complainant was handicapped and that the action was taken by the employer, at least in part, because the complainant was handicapped, but, further, that the complainant, though handicapped, can safely and substantially perform the essential function of the job in question. Ohio Adm. Code
The parties do not dispute that Payton is a person with a "handicap" as defined in R.C.
In reviewing a decision of the commission pursuant to R.C.
In this case, the common pleas court determined that the commission's order finding that Payton could substantially and safely perform the essential function of his job was not supported by reliable, probative and substantial evidence. Thus, this court's initial inquiry is whether the commission adduced the requisite quantum of evidence to support its prima facie case. Columbus v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm. (1985),
The commission determined that the essential function of a Trimmer A was to trim limbs and brush from electrical supply lines. Appellee did not dispute this finding before the common pleas court but, rather, argued that Payton was unable to perform this function due to the climbing and weight-lifting restrictions.
Despite this contention, the commission had before it evidence that tree climbing was an infrequent requirement in the performance of Payton's duties, ninety-nine percent of the trimming being done from the lift bucket. As to the weight-lifting restriction, although there was evidence that Payton was occasionally required to operate a saw which weighted thirty-five pounds, or required to move tree limbs weighing more than thirty-five pounds, there was also evidence before the commission indicating that most of Payton's work involved lifting objects weighing much less than thirty-five pounds.
Moreover, the record also reveals that Payton's work crew had one of the highest productivity records for any crew in the Akron area, and that Payton's foreman never required him to climb trees. Additionally, there is no evidence in the record that Payton was ever disciplined for failing to perform his job duties between 1982 and 1986, let alone as a result of his medical restrictions.
This evidence constitutes reliable, probative and substantial evidence in support of the commission's determination. Cf.Kent State Univ. v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm. (1989),
Having determined that the commission adduced the requisite determination, our next inquiry is to determine whether there exists in the record legally significant reasons for discrediting the commission's reliance on this evidence. In support of this argument, appellee relies upon the Ninth Circuit's decision rendered in Mantolete, supra. We find such reliance misplaced. *557
Mantolete can be distinguished from this case on two bases. First, the Ninth Circuit emphasized that it was the employer's burden to establish that the employee's handicap cannot be reasonably accommodated without undue hardship. Mantolete,supra,
Here, the question presented is not, as appellee suggests, whether Asplundh carried its burden of proof in demonstrating an affirmative defense, such as that contemplated by R.C.
To the extent that appellee suggests Payton's medical history or weight-lifting restriction undermined the reliability of the evidence which supported the commission's determination that Payton could safely perform his job, we disagree. Although the undisputed evidence indicates that Payton underwent two operations on his left knee during the four-year period in question, there is no evidence to suggest that these surgeries were in any way caused or aggravated by Payton's continued employment as a Trimmer A.
Rather, the deposition testimony of Payton's treating orthopedic surgeon indicates that the continued problems Payton experienced with his left knee were the result of the initial severe trauma he sustained when struck by the automobile. This doctor further opined that with the climbing and weight-lifting restrictions imposed upon Payton, there was no medical basis to support a finding that Payton's continued employment as a Trimmer A would significantly increase the likelihood of further injury. Indeed, the physician testified that he would not have given a medical release with restrictions had he not felt that Payton could safely perform his job duties. There is no evidence to suggest a contrary conclusion.
With respect to appellee's reliance upon Payton's inability, due to his weight-lifting restriction, to engage in the rescue of a fellow worker, this court notes that such argument is premised upon the occupational hazards provision of R.C.
Initially, this court observes that there is no evidence to support appellee's argument that rescuing a fellow worker from a trim-lift bucket is an essential function of a Trimmer A. The sole evidence relied upon by appellee in making this argument is the testimony of its division manager who testified that, in his twenty-three years with appellee, he knew of two occasions in which three employees had been electrocuted while working as a trimmer. Although the division manager indicated that trimming crews practiced tree rescue and trim-lift rescues once a month, Payton testified that his crew had practiced the rescue operation once in nine years.
Appellee counters this last factor by comparing the frequency a trimmer is required to perform rescue operations with the frequency a police officer is required to use a gun. Suggesting that frequency alone is not determinative of an essential job function, appellee maintains that the rescue function is essential to Payton's duties because of the gravity of the situation involved.
While this court agrees that frequency alone is not determinative of whether a particular job function is an essential function, such determination may not be based upon mere speculation either. More to the point, there is nothing in the record to explain why lifting an injured fellow worker from a lift bucket elevates this activity to an essential function. There is no evidence as to the steps involved in a rescue operation, why lifting the worker from a bucket is necessary to the rescue, or the resultant outcome if this step is not performed. Given the limited state of the record, this court is unable to ascertain why the rescue operation constitutes an essential function of a trimmer's duties.
Based on the foregoing, this court concludes that the common pleas court had no legally significant evidence before it to undermine the reliability or probative value of the evidence adduced by the commission in support of its determination. Thus, the common pleas court had no reasonable basis for reversing the commission's order and abused its discretion in so doing.
For the foregoing reasons, the commission's assignments of error are sustained, and the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas is reversed. This case is remanded to that court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judgment reversedand cause remanded.
REILLY, J., concurs.
JONES, J., dissents. *559
ARCHER E. REILLY, J., retired, of the Tenth Appellate District, sitting and hearing the appeal pursuant to active duty prior to his retirement, and assigned to active duty under authority of Section
FRED E. JONES, J., of the Twelfth Appellate District, sitting by assignment.
Dissenting Opinion
I cannot concur in the majority's reversal of the court of common pleas and must respectfully dissent.
The record reveals that when Payton returned to work following his initial injury and each subsequent surgery, he was under medical restrictions which prevented him from climbing trees or lifting any weight in excess of thirty-five pounds. Consequently, Payton, by his own admission, could only perform approximately sixty percent of his job duties. The remaining forty percent of his duties were handled by Payton's foreman or the other members of Payton's crew.
Under R.C.
Inasmuch as our function in the case at bar involves appellate review of the court of common pleas decision, our review is accordingly "* * * limited to determining whether the common pleas court abused its discretion in * * * [reversing] the commission's finding that unlawful discrimination occurred. * * *" Cleveland Civil Serv. Comm. v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm.
(1991),
Appellee does not dispute Payton's status as a "handicapped person" within the meaning of R.C. Chapter 4112. Rather, it is appellee's contention that Payton is not a "qualified handicapped person," one who can successfully and substantially
perform essential functions of the job in question. Ohio Adm. Code
The majority finds that a prima facie case was established since Payton could safely and substantially perform his job's essential functions. See Hazlett v. Martin Chevrolet, Inc.
(1986),
I would initially note that this analysis ignores the proper standard of review. Our function is not to ascertain whether reliable, probative and substantial evidence exists, but whether the common pleas court abused its discretion by reversing the commission in the absence of a legally significant reason to do so. Cleveland Civil Serv. Comm., supra,
Furthermore, the majority assumes that Payton's friendly foreman and helpful co-workers will always be available, not only to assume those essential functions of the job which Payton cannot perform himself, but to also successfully execute any necessary emergency rescue procedures.
I cannot agree that appellee's safety argument is "tenuous at best." Payton's job involved the trimming of tree limbs and brush from electrical lines and must necessarily present situations where the crew works in close proximity to uninsulated high tension electrical wires. Under such dangerous circumstances, the ability of each crew member to respond quickly and completely in the event of an emergency is of paramount importance. Anything less entails accommodation beyond the point where the safety of the handicapped person and others is seriously jeopardized. See Ohio State Univ., College of Social Behavioral Sciences v. Ohio Civil Rights Comm. (Nov. 9, 1989), Franklin App. No. 88AP-1072, unreported, 1989 WL 135298, appeal dismissed as improvidently allowed in (1991),
While Payton may be capable of performing some functions of his job, his inability to respond in an emergency situation in an unrestricted fashion limits his capability to safely perform the job in question. Such constitutes a legally significant reason to reverse the commission's order. Cleveland Civil Serv.Comm., supra. I would find no abuse of discretion and affirm the court of common pleas. I, therefore, dissent.
