Ashurst v. Ashurst

57 So. 442 | Ala. | 1912

MAYFIELD, J.

The bill in this case is filed by an executrix to remove the settlement and administration of the estate of her testator from the probate to the chancery court. The special ground alleged for the removal is to obtain the aid and assistance of the chancery court in the construction of the will, and in the administration of the trusts necessary to a proper settlement of the estate. The respondents, some of whom are co-executórs and devisees, demurred to the bill, which demurrer was overruled. The bill Avas subsequently amended, however, and the demurrer was interposed to the amended bill. An answer Avas also filed, Avhich was made a cross-bill, and to this answer and cross-bill demurrers were interposed.

Tlie cause was submitted to the chancellor on demurrers only to the amended bill and to the cross-bill; and from the interlocutory decree overruling the demurrers the respondents prosecute this appeal. Of course, respondents cannot and do not complain of the overruling of the demurrer to the cross-bill.

It is earnestly insisted on this appeal by both appellants and appellee that we should so far construe the will in question as to determine whether certain clauses therein are valid or Amid. We cannot accede to the correctness of this proposition. Our jurisditcion in this instance is appellate only, for the purpose of revieAving the correctness of the interlocutory decree of the chancellor from Avhich the appeal is taken. The chancellor has not yet passed upon the merits of the case; nor can Ave act on this appeal further than to affirm or overrule the decree rendered by him. If Ave -affirm the decree of the chancellor overruling the demurrer, then the case will proceed on its merits and the chancellor Avill have to construe the will; and on an appeal from a decree construing the will, or settling the rights of the parties thereunder, Ave could review such decree, and, if necessary, construe the will. But Ave cannot construe the Avill on this special appeal, and any attempt to do so would not be binding on us nor the parties. The demuirers to the amended bill, at most, merely tested the sufficiency of the averments of the bill as amended. The chancellor decreel only that the demurrer Avas not well taken, and that it was overruled. We fully concur with the chancellor, and mud therefore affirm his decree.

The chancellor on that hearing Avas not authorized nor called upon to construe the will, but only to construe the bill. The main, if not the sole, equity of the ] bill, Avas to obtain a construction of the will by the chancellor. This he cannot do until he acquires-.jurisdiction only by the filing of a bill sufficient to confer it. The only decree so far rendered ivas one which, in effect, held that the bill filed was sufficient to confer jurisdiction to remove the settlement and proceedings from the probate to the chancery court. Until the proceedings are so removed, or, at least, are by a proper decree or order authorized to be removed, the chancellor has no authority to construe the will nor to authorize any proceedings in the administration of the estate. The mere filing of the bill does not remove the proceedings from the probate to the chancery court. The bill, if sufficient, merely authorizes the chancellor to order or decree the removal; and, until he does so order or decree, the matter is still in the probate court, and not in the chancery court. Thus far, in this case, there has been no order or decree of removal of the administration from the probate to the chancery court, and, until such removal order or decree is had, the chancellor cannot construe the will except in so far as it may he necessary to pass upon the equity or the sufficiency of the bill. To this extent, and for this purpose only, we will construe the will on this appeal.

In nearly all equity cases a preliminary inquiry is first to he made: Has the court jurisdiction? Is the bill or petition sufficient to authorize equitable interposition and relief? The interposition of chancery is extraordinary, and can be obtained only Avlien the ordinary tribunals are inadequate to full and complete relief.

In the case before us the complaint sets out the will or parts thereof, and alleges that parts of the will are involved, complicated, and that complainant is advised that parts thereof are void, and that for this reason she seeks the advice of the chancery court as to the proper ■construction of the will, and to the end that she may properly administer the trust imposed on her. As was said by .this court, in the early case of Trotter v. Blocker, 6 Port. 269, 290: “Applications of this kind are neither novel nor unusual. It is the peculiar office of chancery to compel the performance of trusts, where trustees are either perverse or negligent. So, on the other hand, it Avill assist and protect trustees, in the performance of trusts, Avhenever they seek the aid and direction of the court, as to the establishment, management, or execution of them. This case comes clearly within the principle here stated. The bequests of the will are trusts imposed upon the executor or administrator, cum testamento annexo, and Avhether they are valid, and hOAv to be performed, are questions on which the aid of the court' is asked.” In Lake View Co. v. Hannon, 93 Ala. 88, 89, 9 South. 539, Stone, C. J., quotes the rule as folloAvs: “In 2 Pom. Eq. § 1064, it is said: ‘Whenever there is any bona fide doubt as to the true meaning and intent of provisions of the instrument creating the trust, or as to the particular course which he ought to pursue, the trustee is ahvays entitled to maintain a suit in equity, at the expense of the trust estate, and obtain a judicial construction of the instrument, and directions as to his OAvn conduct.— 1 Pom. Eq. § 352 and note; 3 Id. § 1156; 2 Sto. Eq. Ju. § 1085 et seq. In Bowers v. Smith, 10 Paige (N. Y.) 193, Chancellor Walworth employed this language: ‘But I am not aware of any case in Avhich an heir at hnv of a testator, or a devisee, who claims a mere legal estate in the real property, where there Avas no trust, has been alloAved to come into a court of equity for the mere purpose of obtaining a judicial construction of the provisions of the avüI. On the contrary, the decision of such legal questions belongs exclusively to the courts of lav, except 'where they arise incidentally in this court in the exercise of its legitimate powers, or where the court has obtained jurisdiction of the case for some other purpose.’ In Bailey v. Briggs; 56 N. Y. 407, the court, Folger, J., delivering the opinion, said: “It is when the court is moved in behalf of an executor, trustee, or cestui que trust, and to secure a correct administration of the power conferred by a will, that jurisdiction is had to give a construction to a doubtful or disputed clause in a will.’ ” Bills for this purpose have j often been entertained, to the sole end of construing' certain items of wills. Such bill Avas that in the case of Tompkins v. Troy, 130 Ala. 555, 30 South. 512. What was said by Stone, C. J., in the case of Carroll v. Richardson, 87 Ala. 605, 610, 6 South. 343 (a case much like this, and an appeal from a decree on demurrer), is, Ave think, conclusive of the correctness of our holding in this case. It is there said: “We hold that this bill, in each of its aspects, contains equity. The will itself, including the codicil, presents several questions of disputable solution, on Avhich different legal minds might Avell differ. And it is shown that Mrs. Rothenhoffer and Carroll differ in the interpretation of the aauII in the assertion of the interests they severally claim thereunder. And the question may arise whether the codicil does not create a precatory trust in favor of Mrs. Kelly and Mrs. Carrol];, and, on the other hand, whether the language is not too uncetrain to authorize relief. — Jones v. McPhillips, 82 Ala. 102, 2 South. 468; 3 Pom. Eq. §§ 1156, 1157; McRee v. Means, 34 Ala. 349; Hollingsworth v. Hollingsworth, 65 Ala. 321; Cowles v. Pollard, 51 Ala. 445. It is not our intention to express or intimate any opinion as to the proper interpretation of any clause of the will. The question of rightful interpretation, of rightful directions, is not before us. The chancellor has declared no interpretation, and has given no directions. He has simply decided that the bill makes a case calling for interpretation and direction, and from that decretal order the present appeal is prosecuted. There is no error in his rulings.”

We conclude that the chancellor correctly overruled the demurrer to the amended bill; and that, for the reasons before assigned,- the bill contains equity.

Affirmed.

All the Justices concur, save Dowdell, C. J., not sitting.