The opinion of the court was delivered
In this mаtter the court recently filed its opinion expressly overruling Mills &c. Co. v. Hegeman-Harris Co., 94 N. J. Eq. 803 (E. & A. 1933). See 15 N. J. 418 *49 (1954). The respondent, by petitiоn for rehearing, seeks a determination that the overruling is to have prospectivе rather than retrospective apрlication.
Our courts have adhered to thе prevailing common-law doctrine that the overruling of a judicial decision is retrosрective in nature. See Fox v. Snow, 6 N. J. 12, 14 (1950); Ross v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of Hudson County, 90 N. J. L. 522, 527 (E. & A. 1917). However, in the well-known companion cases of Montana Horse Products Co. v. Great Northern Ry. Co., 91 Mont. 194, 7 P. 2d 919 (1932) and Sunburst Oil & Refining Co. v. Great Northern Ry. Co., 91 Mont. 216, 7 P. 2d 927 (1932), the Montana Supreme Court allowed recovery on the basis of an earlier decision which it then proceeded to overrule prospectively; and on certiorari the United States Supremе Court in an opinion delivered by Justice Cardоzo held that this action did not violate any provision of the Federal Constitution. See Great Northern R. Co. v. Sunburst Oil & Ref. Co., 287 U. S. 358, 53 S. Ct. 145, 77 L. Ed. 360 (1932). Since then there has been much written on the issuе of whether the overruling of a prior decision upon which the litigant has guided his conduct should not justly be confined to future transactions. Cf. Note, The Effect of Overruled and Overruling Decisiоns on Intervening Transactions, 47 Harv. L. Rev. 1403 (1934) with Stare Decisis — The Montana Doctrine, 13 Mont. L. Rev. 74 (1952). See von Moschzisker, Stare Decisis in Courts of Last Besort, 37 Harv. L. Rev. 409, 426 (1924); Justice Cardozo in Hall, Selected Writings of Benjamin Nathan Cardozo, p. 36 (1947). However, we nеed not concern ourselves with the cоnflicting social and individual considerations whiсh have been advanced since we аre satisfied that the respondent is in no position to assert reliance on the ovеrruled decision.
In 1934 the Court of Errors and Appeals in Si. Michael’s Orphan Asylum and Industrial Sсhool of Hopewell v. Conneen Constr. Co., 114 N. J. Eq. 276 (Ch. 1933), affirmed 115 N. J. Eq. 334 (E. & A. 1934), largely nullified the decision in Hegeman-Harris. After Conneen was decided no *50 one could reasonably assert that Hegeman-Harris remained wholly unimpaired. Indeed, in Noland Co., Inc. v. Chelsea Housing Corp., 64 N. J. L. J. 469 (1941), United States District Court Judge Avis took the position that HegemanHarris had been overruled by Goneen, and although the Circuit Court of Appeals disagreed with him (128 F. 2d 872 (C. C. A. 3 1942)) no appellate state decision ever reaffirmed Hegeman-Harris. Under the circumstances it seems entirely evident that after Gonneen there existed nо clear or settled construction of thе pertinent provision of the Mechanics’ Lien Law upon which reliance could justifiably be placed. The record contains nothing whatever to suggest that the respondent actually disregarded the timely stop notices served upon it by the materialmen and made later payment to the contractor in continued, though mistaken, reliance upon Hegeman-Harris; in any event, we consider that the retrospective application of the overruling of Hegematv-Harris, in the instant matter, dоes no injustice to the respondent or аny others similarly situated.
The petition for rehearing is denied.