Petitioners Scott Arnold and Mary Arnold contend in their petitions for writ of certiorari and prohibition that respondent Chancellor Jim Spears of the Chancery Court of Sebastian County, who had pending before him a divorce action in Sebastian County between respondents Shanе Reeves and Rhonda Reeves, (1) lacked subject-matter jurisdiction to decide a landlord-tenant dispute regarding a building in Crawford County; (2) erred in attempting to exercise jurisdiction over the landlord-tenant dispute when venue lay in Crawford County; (3) erred in forcing the Arnolds to intervene in the divоrce lawsuit against their will; and (4) violated the due process rights of the Arnolds by entering an ex parte order without notice which denies them the ability to gainfully rent their property. 1 We find no merit in the two petitions and deny them both.
The facts derive from a rental agreement entered into on November 1, 1999, between Shane Reevеs and Scott Arnold. Under that agreement, Arnold rented a retail business building in the city of Van Burén, Crawford County, to Reeves for the purpose of operating a business known as The Hope Chest. The monthly rent was $500. Crawford County is located in the Twenty-First Judicial District. Sebastian County is located in the Twelfth Judiсial District.
In January 2000, Shane Reeves notified the Arnolds that he was having trouble paying the rent on the building due to marital problems. On January 11, 2000, Rhonda Reeves sued Shane Reeves for divorce in Sebastian County, Chancery Court, Fort Smith District, and asked that the marital property rights of the parties be adjudicated. Rhonda Reeves subsequently sought an emergency hearing from the chancellor regarding. the Crawford County building and the inventory of their retail goods which were part of their business, The Hope Chest. On March 23, 2000, the chancellor entered a Temporary Order in the divоrce action and directed that an inventory of The Hope Chest be made. The chancellor found in that order that the Arnolds had taken possession of their building which housed The Hope Chest and ordered that the Reeveses be granted access to their business to inventоry their property. He further ordered that no property on the premises should be sold or removed until further orders of the court and that Shane Reeves (defendant in the divorce action) should account for any property already sold.
On April 6, 2000, the Arnolds’ attorney wrote counsel for the two Reeveses and made these assertions:
• The property of the Reeveses to be inventoried was in storage.
• The property would be released upon the Reeveses paying $2,151.07 for back rent, utilities, repairs and clean-up costs, and legal fees.
• The Reeveses would be required to hold the Arnolds harmless from any additional liability.
• The Arnolds would then release the Reeveses.
• The chancellor’s Temporary Order is not binding on the Arnolds because they are not parties to the Sebastian County divorce action.
• The Arnolds have a right to the Reeveses’ property to pay past due rent under Ark. Code Ann. § 18-16-108 (Supp. 1999).
When the Arnolds’ attorney did not receive a reply from the Reeveses, he wrote that he assumed his offer had been rejected and that the Arnolds Would proceed to sell the business property at a public or privаte sale. Counsel for Shane Reeves then wrote that the value of the inventory in dispute was $20,000 and that if the Arnolds failed to cooperate in allowing an inventory to be performed, he would sue them for conversion of property. On May 10, 2000, Shane Reeves moved that the Arnolds be made parties to the divorce action in Sebastian County as intervenors and enjoined from selling any property of The Hope Chest. He asserted that the Arnolds had contacted local merchants about the sale of the Reeveses’ property and were offering the property at “garage-sale prices.” He further asserted that some of the Reeveses’ property had been purchased by other stores. The next day the chancellor entered an order entitled Order Allowing- Intervention and Injunction and found that thе Arnolds had not supplied an inventory of the disputed property as ordered and instead had sold some of the property. The chancellor designated the Arnolds as intervenors in the Sebastian County divorce action and ordered them again to prepare a сomplete inventory of The Hope Chest property, including items sold and those still possessed. Remaining items and money received from sales were to be taken to the office of the Arnolds’ attorney and further sales were enjoined.
On June 21, 2000, summonses were issued for the two Arnоlds and service of the summonses was accomplished the following July. The Arnolds moved to dismiss the intervention and vacate the chancellor’s intervention order. In their motion, they termed the order an ex parte order. No issue was raised in that motion regarding the inability to gainfully rent the Van Burén building. The motion was denied.
We turn then to the first argument raised by the Arnolds in support of their petitions for writs of certiorari and prohibition. The Arnolds contend that the chancellor lacks subject-matter jurisdiction to adjudicate the Crawford County landlord-tenant dispute which is unrelated to the Sebastian County divorce action. They seek a writ of certiorari as to the actions already taken by the chancellor in his Temporary Order and his Order Allowing Intervention and Injunction, and a writ of prohibition prohibiting any further action relating to the landlord-tenant dispute in Crawford County. The distinction drawn by the Arnolds between the applicability of the two writs is correct. See Oliver v. Pulaski County Cir. Ct.,
This court will issue a writ of prohibition to prevent or prohibit a trial court from acting wholly without jurisdiction. See Arkansas Democrat-Gazette v. Zimmerman,
As an initial matter, we take issue with how the Arnolds have framed this point. Under our Family Law Code, the chancellor in a divorce action distributes all marital property, one-half to each party, unless the chancellor finds that division to be inequitable. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-12-315(a)(l)(A) (Repl. 1998). By necessity, the chancellor must first determine what comprises marital property in order to distribute it. Moreover, a determination- of what property is marital property does not end at the county line. To makе an equitable distribution, chancellors must decide what qualifies as marital property regardless of whether the property is physically located within the county or judicial district where the divorce action was brought. Indeed, it is commonplace for chancellors tо distribute property which is located outside of their counties or judicial districts. Cf. Champion v. Champion,
The Arnolds correctly point out that we have stated, as a general matter, that a chancellor has no authority to decide thе validity of an obligation to a third party who is not a party to the divorce. See, e.g., Grace v. Grace,
The Arnolds next contend that the chancellor is attempting to assert jurisdiction over them in a divorce case when venue for the landlord-tenant matter properly lies in Crawford County under Ark. Code Ann. §§ 16-60-101 and 16-60-102 (1987). Again, we disagree with the Arnolds’ premise as we do not see the chancellor’s actions as an effort to exercise jurisdiction over the landlord-tenant dispute. Whether The Hope Chest property has been abandoned so as to make it susceptible to satisfying past due rent under § 18-16-108 or subject to a landlord’s lien under that same section could well be decided in separate litigation, and if that litigation was brought, venue would be proper in Crawford County. But that fact does not militate against the chancellor’s legitimate actions to identify marital property pursuant to § 9-12-315(a)(l)(A) for purposes of the Sebastian County divorce action, which includes tаking into consideration the estate, liabilities, and needs of each party. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-12-315(a)(l)(A)(vii) (Repl. 1998).
For their next point, the Arnolds claim that the chancellor cannot force them to intervene in the divorce action against their will. The chancellor’s order in that regard hаs no basis in our Rules of Civil Procedure, according to the Arnolds. The proper procedure, they maintain, would have been for Shane Reeves to implead them under Ark. R. Civ. P. 14, and that was not done. Hence, they contend our issuance of a writ of certiorari is proper.
Wе disagree. Our Rules of Civil Procedure contemplate precisely what the chancellor did in this case. First, with regard to persons needed for just adjudication, Rule 19(a) of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure reads:
Persons to Be Joined If Feasible. A person who is subject to service of process shall be joined as a party in the action if (1) in his absence complete relief cannot be accorded among those already parties, or, (2) he claims an interest relating to the subject of the action and is so situated that the disposition of the action in his absence may (i) as a practical matter, impair or impede his ability to protect that interest, or, (ii) leave any of the persons already parties subject to a substantial risk of incurring double, multiple or otherwise inconsistent obligations by reasоn of his claimed interest. If he has not been joined, the court shall order that he be made a party. If he should join as a plaintiff, but refuses to do so, he may be made a defendant; or, in a proper case, an involuntary plaintiff.
Without question, the Arnolds claim an interest in The Hope Chest inventory and complete relief for the Reeveses regarding marital property cannot be accomplished without their joinder. Furthermore, Rule 21 of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure provides in part: “Parties may be dropped or added by order of the сourt on motion of any party or on its own initiative at any stage of the action and upon such terms as are just.” That is precisely what was done in this case. This court has recently recognized the need for mandated joinder of indispensable and necessary parties by thе trial court under appropriate circumstances. See, e.g., Arkansas State Med. Bd. v. Bolding,
We recognize that Rules 19(a) and 21 were not argued in the briefs before this court. Nevertheless, if the action taken by the chancellor is well grounded in our Rules of Procedure, we can affirm that action even though the chancellor’s order was couched in terms of intervention rather than joinder. See Van Camp v. Van Camp,
The Arnоlds next urge that the chancellor’s Order for Intervention and Injunction was ex parte and, accordingly, they received no notice or opportunity to be heard. Along this same line, they contend that there was no emergency necessitating this order, and this, they claim, is proved by the fact that summonses for the Arnolds were served almost two months later and that there has been no compliance with Ark. R. Civ. P. 65 relating to injunctions. In their Motion to Dismiss Intervention and Vacate Order filed on July 19, 2000, they do refer to the chancellor’s ex parte order, but they make nonе of the arguments that they are now raising in their petitions. Hence, the issues advanced were never considered by the chancellor or ruled on by him. We have held that a petition for writ of certiorari cannot be used as a substitute for appeal. See, e.g., Neal v. Wilson,
Because there are no grounds for granting these petitions, we deny them.
Notes
A writ of prohibition is directed to the jurisdiction of the court and not to an individual judge. We will treat the petition for a writ of prohibition as directed against the Sebastian County Chancery Court. See Ford v. Wilson,