102 P. 361 | Idaho | 1909
The respondent, Dudley P. Armstrong, brought this action against appellants to quiet title to the following described lands:
“1. The south half of the southeast quarter of sec. 32, in township 9 south of range 36 east of the Boise meridian, in Bannock county, containing eighty acres;
“2. The northwest quarter of the southeast quarter, the east half of the southwest quarter and the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of said sec. 32, in said township 9 south of range 36 east of Boise meridian, in Bannock county, containing 160 acres.”
The defendants set up as a defense, and as cause of action by cross-complaint, the claim that prior to the opening of said lands for settlement, the lands now claimed by plaintiff and other lands adjacent and in the vicinity had been settled upon by various persons who made their homes thereon, and intended when said lands were placed upon the market to acquire title thereto under the laws of the United States relative to the disposition of public lands; that such settlers and occupants were uncertain as to the lines bounding the
It is further alleged that an agreement was also made between the plaintiff and Seth C. Glover, by which the plaintiff agreed to include within an entry to be made by him the lands embraced in Seth C. Glover’s inclosure and covered by the 160 acre tract heretofore described, and, after procuring title thereto, would convey to said Glover that portion of said tract which was included within the inclosure of said Glover prior to the time the plaintiff entered the same; that the entries were made and permitted to be made by said parties in accordance with said agreements; that subsequent to the entry of said 160 acre tract by Dudley P. Armstrong, the defendant and cross-complainant, Melvin Henderson, purchased from Seth C. Glover his improvements and his right in and to the lands included within his inclosure and covered by the entry of the plaintiff Armstrong;
The cross-complainants prayed that said contracts be enforced and that the parties be required to make conveyances accordingly. The question was tried to the court and the court made findings of fact and entered judgment in favor of the plaintiff as prayed for in his complaint. This appeal is from the judgment.
The respondent moves to dismiss the appeal and to strike the transcript from the files, first, because the action is not properly entitled; second, because the transcript was not served and filed until more than sixty days from the time the appeal was taken; third, because the transcript on appeal does not contain the judgment-roll.
The title of the action as contained in the complaint is: “Dudley P. Armstrong, Plaintiff, v. Melvin Henderson, Alfred Henderson and Leon Henderson, Defendants.” The title of the cause as appears upon the transcript is the same. We therefore find no defect in the title of the cause.
The second ground of the motion is based upon rule 23 of the rules of this court. This rule provides:
“In all eases where an appeal is perfected, .... transcripts of the record must be served upon the adverse party and filed in this court within sixty days after the appeal is perfected. ’ ’
The judgment in this case was entered on June 26, 1908; the notice of appeal was served and filed August 20, 1908. The transcript was served on respondent on December 17th and filed in this court on December 19, 1908. In opposition to the motion to dismiss the appeal upon this ground, counsel for appellants file an affidavit, which is not contradicted, to the effect that on August 2'6, 1908, the appellants’ proposed bill of exceptions was served upon the attorney for respondent; that on October 28th respondent served upon appellants his proposed amendments to said bill of exceptions; that on September 2d appellants’ proposed bill of exceptions and the amendments thereto were delivered to
It thus appears from this showing that the bill of exceptions, with the amendments proposed, was delivered to the clerk for the judge on September 2, 1908, and the judge informed of such fact. The trial judge thus held the bill of exceptions without settling the same until December 4, 1908. Eule 25 of this court provides:
“The time limited in which a transcript must be served and filed, as set forth in rule 23, may be extended by an order of the court, or a justice thereof, upon good cause shown by affidavit, or by stipulation of the parties filed with the clerk, but only one such order shall be made by the court or a justice thereof in any case, nor shall such extension in any case exceed thirty days.”
Counsel for respondent next contends that the appeal should be dismissed because the transcript on appeal does not contain the judgment-roll. This contention is based upon the claim that there was an original answer and cross-complaint filed in said cause which is not made a part of the record. The transcript contains what is marked as an amended answer and cross-complaint, and from this counsel for respondent argue that there was an original amended answer and cross-complaint which should be made a part of the record, and because of such fact the transcript does not contain the judgment-roll.
Where amended pleadings are filed, they take the place of the original; and all subsequent proceedings in the case are based upon the amended pleadings. So in this case, where an amended answer and cross-complaint was filed, it took the place of the original answer and cross-complaint; and all subsequent proceedings in said cause were based upon the same. (People v. Hunt, 1 Ida. 433; Andrews v. Moore, 14 Ida. 465, 94 Pac. 579; Wooddy v. Jamieson, 4 Ida. 448, 40 Pac. 61.)
“In the absence of a showing to the contrary, we must presume that the pleadings, order, findings, and judgment mentioned in the certificate are those which constitute the judgment-roll.”
In this case counsel stipulated that the papers contained in the transcript were correct and from which this court will presume, in the absence of a showing to the contrary, that they constitute the judgment-roll. The motion to dismiss the appeal is overruled.
Counsel for appellants assign twenty errors. We shall not, however, discuss each of these assignments separately, for the reason that they may all be disposed of in considering the nature and character of the defense plead and attempted to be proven.
It appears that the lands in controversy were within the boundaries of the Fort Hall Indian Reservation prior to June 18, 1902, and that on that date the lands of the reservation were opened to public entry. The appellants base their right to recover in this action upon the claim that an agreement was entered into prior to the time such lands were open to entry, by which it was agreed that such occupants should acquire title under the homestead laws, and after acquiring such title should make conveyances in accordance with the inelosure and lines and fences of the respective occupants; and to support this contention the appellants offered in evidence the following paper which was excluded by the court;
“Robin, June 16, 1902.
“We, the undersigned citizens of Robin, Bannock county, Idaho, voluntarily agree to deed and redeed to the old lines as they stand at present.
“B. W. HENDERSON,
“MELVIN HENDERSON, “MARY DAVIS,
“JAMES H. ELLIS,
“DUDLEY P. ARMSTRONG, “JAMES T. HENDERSON, “HENRY HENDERSON.”
This question is fully considered, and the facts bring this case within the rule announced by this court, in the case of Allen v. Kitchen, 16 Ida. 133, 100 Pac. 1052. Under the rule announced in that case, parol evidence was held inadmissible for the purpose of supplying or adding the description or location of the land in order to make such contract comply with the requirements of the statute of frauds. The contract is also against public policy and void; it was directly in violation of the statute of the United States. Under the homestead act (6 Fed. Stat. Ann., secs. 2290, 2291, U. S. Comp. St. 1901, pp. 1389, 1390), the title to the land entered as a homestead cannot inure to the benefit of any person other than the entryman, nor can express trust relations legally exist between the entryman and any other person in respect to the land entered. (Shorman v. Eakin, 47 Ark. 351; Clark v. Bayley, 5 Or. 343.) If such contract was made, it was made between parties who were trespassers on an Indian reservation and at a time when such' lands were not subject to entry. By the terms of such contract such persons attempted to fix and determine the title each would take to land from the United States entered under the homestead laws. This, in effect, would constitute each a trustee for the other of that portion of the lands which the contract required should be conveyed after title was acquired. To uphold and enforce such a contract would be giving countenance to and recognizing rights initiated in violation of the laws of the United States. The authorities are so numerous on this question and so uniform in adhering to the doctrine that such contracts are void as against public policy, that it seems almost useless to cite such authorities. To uphold and permit a contract of this kind to be made and to be enforced in the courts would be giving countenance to rights initiated by reason of a trespass upon an Indian reservation.
It is not claimed that the appellants were Indians or had permission or right to enter upon said reservation. They
“We are compelled to come to the conclusion above stated, that plaintiff in this action was a trespasser upon the Nez Perce reservation, without any right whatever to enter into contracts for the use and occupation of Indian land reserved under treaty, and that if he did make such agreements, the same could not be enforced in the courts of this territory, for the reason that the Indians had the sole right to use and occupy such land, or premises, and the courts were bound to protect them in the same.”
So, in the case under consideration, the appellants not being Indians and not showing any right to occupy territory within the boundaries of the Indian reservation, they could acquire no right by reason of* their occupancy of such lands. They had no right to make a contract with reference to the "effect such occupancy would have when the same were entered as homesteads under the laws of the United States. Their rights are gauged and governed -entirely by the rights acquired under and by virtue of their entry of such lands under the provisions of the land laws of the United States. (Mellison v. Allen, 30 Kan. 382, 2 Pac. 97; Brake v. Ballou, 19 Kan. 397; Turner v. Donnelly, 70 Cal. 597, 12 Pac. 469: Hudson v. Johnson, 45 Cal. 21; Damrell v. Meyer, 40 Cal. 166.)
The supreme court of the United States in the ease of Anderson v. Carkins, 135 U. S. 483, 10 Sup. Ct. 905, 34 L. ed. 272, holds:
“A contract by one contemplating land as a homestead and who subsequently obtains title to it as such for the sale or conveyance of half the land to another in consideration of the improvements made or owned by the latter is void, and specific performance of it will not be decreed. ’ ’
But it is contended by appellants that respondent recognized such contracts' after he had received title to the
The record in this case fails to show such a state of facts as would constitute a defense to the plaintiff’s claim, or a state of facts which would entitle the appellants to a specific performance of the contracts relied upon. We deem a further discussion of the questions involved in this ease unnecessary. The judgment is affirmed. Costs awarded to respondent.