38 Vt. 448 | Vt. | 1866
The opinion of the court was delivered by
The court instructed the jury in this case that the conditions of the sale of the goods by the plaintiff to Thompson, to the effect that the goods should remain the property of the plaintiff until they were paid for, were void as against an attaching creditor of Thompson, as well as against Thompson, if it was the understanding and intention of both the parties, at the time of the purchase, that the goods might be used and consumed by Thompson before they were paid for, without the further consent of the plaintiff. The goods in question consisted of flour, butter, salt fish, salt beef, tea, and other provisions for use in the family of Thompson, who was the keeper of a boarding house. The plaintiff was the original ■owner of the goods, and the question which the case presents is, whether his title to the goods passed to Thompson under a contract for the purchase of the same by Thompson, with a condition that they should remain the plaintiff’s property until the agreed price of the sale was paid to him, if the contract was made with an understanding that the goods might be used and consumed by the vendee before they were paid for.
It has been repeatedly decided in the courts of this state that on a sale with delivery of goods at a fixed price, to be paid by a time limited, but, until paid, the title to remain in the vendor, payment is a condition precedent, and that until performance, the property is not vestejl in the vendee, — the general property remaining in the vendor, subject to be divested by the performance of the condition. West v. Bolton, 4 Vt. 558; Bigelow v. Huntley, 8 Vt. 151; Bradley v. Arnold, 16 Vt. 382; Smith v. Foster, 18 Vt. 182; Buckmaster v. Smith, 22 Vt. 203; Davis & Aubin v. Bradley & Co., 28 Vt. 118; Chaffee v. Sherman, 26 Vt. 237; Child & Benton v. Allen, 33 Vt. 476; Hurd v. Fleming, 34 Vt. 169. As purchasers and attaching creditors must acquire their title to the property through, the vendee, they can acquire no other title or right to it than the title or right which he himself has in the property. He could not pass or communicate to others a right of which he wais not himself possessed; and if he had no title, he could pass none. If the plaintiff ceased
It was the unquestionable right of the plaintiff to sell this property to Thompson upon the condition that, until payment of the price, the property should remain the plaintiff’s. The retention of the title to the property is not a fraud upon any person, and such a contract is one which every person has a right to make. In a conditional sale, the possession of the property is ordinarily transferred to the vendee, and very frequently with expectation of both of the parties to the sale that the property will be used by the vendee ; but, in such cases, the vendee is, until the performance of the condition, only a bailee of the property for a specific purpose, and he acquires no property in the goods from the possession merely. His right rests upon the agreement of the parties, and their intention in making the contract of sale is to be carried into effect, if the transaction was entered into in good faith, unless the contract is one which violates or contravenes some established rule of law. Was it the real intention of the parties to this contract of sale that the absolute title to the property should pass to Thompson by force of the sale itself, or upon the performance of the condition for the payment of the agreed price ? There can be no question but that the parties intended that the general property of the goods should remain in the plaintiff until payment was made, for this was their express agreement, and there is not even a suggestion that the transaction was in any respect otherwise than one which was honest, and made in entire good faith. It was competent for the plaintiff to make a conditional sale of the property, and also to grant to Thompson the privilege to use or consume it, without a sale. As his right to do either separately cannot be questioned, we do not think that there is any ground to claim that the plaintiff loses his right to the property by making an arrangement which in its details is in all respects lawful and proper. If, in making a conditional sale of the goods, the plaintiff retained the general property, it yas his right to make any lawful use of that which was his own ; and if he allowed to Thompson the privilege to use or consume the goods, both parties intend
The case of Ludden v. Hazen, 13 Barb. 650, is relied upon by the defendant as supporting a different rule of decision from that now adopted. That case appears to have been decided on the ground that, by the contract of sale, and the delivery of the property to the vendee, with the consent of the vendor that it might be sold, the property became vested in the vendee, so as to be liable for his debts, notwithstanding an express provision in the contract that the vendor should retain the general property until payment of the price, — the condition in such a sale being deemed to be colorable and fraudulent as against purchasers and creditors, irrespective of the purpose and intention of the parties. Where the condition of the sale is merely colorable, and is made with the intent to defraud others, it should be deemed void ; but we think that where the transaction appears to be an honest one, there is no rule of law which will adjudge it to be colorable and fraudulent, irrespective of the intentions and purposes of the parties. There is also a material distinction between a general and unrestricted power to sell or dispose of property and a limited privilege to consume it, such as is claimed to have been conferred on the vendee in this case. Where property is sold upon a condition that the title is not to pass until payment, but upon the understanding that it is to be sold by the buyer in the
Judgment of the county court for the defendant reversed, and a new trial granted.