190 Mass. 35 | Mass. | 1906
This is a hill in equity filed in the Superior Court on July 15, 1903, by the plaintiff in behalf of itself and other creditors, seeking to establish the individual liability of the defendants, David Benshimol as president, Charles H. Lerned as treasurer, and Abram Lipp, who, with the other two, constituted a majority of the board of directors, for the debts of the defendant, the Metropolitan Art Company, by reason of the fact that the capital stock of the defendant corporation had been paid in by a conveyance to the corporation of property taken at an unfair valuation, and a certificate thereof had been made which the defendants knew to be false, contrary to the provisions of the R. L. c. 126, § 18.
In the Superior Court, the judge before whom the case was tried found that the defendant corporation was organized under the laws of the State of Maine on July 8, 1902, with a capital stock fixed at $100,000, and on or about that date first established a usual place of business in Boston, in this Commonwealth ; that on October 1,1902, the defendant corporation was indebted to the plaintiff for goods sold and delivered by the plaintiff to the defendant corporation; that on December 30, 1902, the plaintiff brought an action against the defendant corporation, and afterwards recovered judgment for a sum stated, which judgment, remains unsatisfied; that an execution was issued and a demand was made on the officers, and that on May 9, 1903, the execution was returned unsatisfied.
The judge further found as follows: “Defendant Benshimol
On January 2, 1905, a decree was entered establishing the debt, and ordering the three personal defendants jointly and severally to pay the debt with costs, The case is before us on
The first contention of the defendants is that § 18 is not enforceable because of the exception stated in § 19. But this exception of clause four of § 58 leaves all the general provisions for the enforcement of the liability in full force. The reason for the exception in this section is the same as that for the same exception in § 17 of this chapter, which establishes a liability upon the officers and stockholders of foreign corporations for the debts and contracts of these corporations, on the same conditions and in the same manner as is provided for domestic corporations by §§ 58 to 68 of c. 110, with this exception. The reason is, that this liability is expressly stated in § 18 above quoted, in different terms from the similar liability for debts of domestic corporations stated in c. 110, § 58, el. 4. Only the officers of domestic corporations who sign the statement for filing, when the property mentioned in the statement was not conveyed or taken at a fair valuation, are liable for the debts of the corporation ; while under § 18 above quoted, the officers, members or stockholders who participate in the conveyance, or who have purchased or received shares with knowledge of the fact, are liable for the debts. This difference in liability makes the
The other contention of the defendants is that the liability does not exist in this case because the judge has failed to find that the defendants, in subsequently filing the certificate required by the statute, acted with a fraudulent intent, or with actual knowledge that any statement therein contained was false, or with a wilful intent to make a false statement, although they had reasonable cause to know and ought to have known that the valuation was an unfair one. It is to be noticed, first, that the liability under § 18 is not for fraudulently signing a certificate, but for participating in a conveyance of property to the corporation, to be taken as capital stock at an unfair valuation. The Legislature has seen fit to make such participation by officers and members of a foreign corporation a sufficient ground for holding them for the corporate debts. The law puts upon them the duty of seeing that property which they convey to be taken for capital stock of a corporation is conveyed at a fair valuation. Under this section it is not necessary to prove actual knowledge that the property is valued too high. When they are engaged in a transaction upon which so much depends, it is their duty to know that the corporation is not left deficient when it ought to receive its capital in full.
No question of pleading has been raised, and we are of opinion that the allegations of the bill are sufficient. That a conveyance was made to the corporation by the defendants, as individual owners, of property which they bought for the corporation as directors, at the price of $100,000, when its fair value was not more than $10,000, is plainly stated in the bill. This, with the other averments, covers all that is necessary to entitle the plaintiff to relief. The fact that the bill goes further, with averments in regard to the making of a false and fraudulent certificate, is immaterial. -
Decree affirmed.