180 Mich. 72 | Mich. | 1914
Plaintiff, as representative of her deceased husband, recovered the present judgment in this case against defendant for injuries resulting in his death, charged to have been caused by the negligence of defendant.
This case was first before this court in the April term, 1897, where a former judgment in favor of plaintiff was reversed by a majority opinion and a new trial ordered. No further prosecution of the case was had until October, 1912, when a second trial occurred, which resulted in the judgment now before this court for review.
For an extended statement of facts in the case, reference is had to the opinions in Andrews v. Mining Co., 114 Mich. 375 (72 N. W. 242). In the present opinion only such facts as are sufficient to an intelligent understanding of the case need be stated.
Plaintiff’s decedent was a miner of 20 years’ experience. He had worked in Michigan copper and iron mines for several years, and had previously worked in defendant’s mine for about one year. At the time of the accident, he had for a second period worked in this mine for several weeks. He was a man of more than ordinary intelligence, and in mining, which had been his life work, he was an expert, and had at times held positions of trust, having been at one time a captain. At the time of the accident he was working as a “hitch cutter” with a man named Trevarrow. “Hitch cutters” work in pairs, cutting holes, called “hitches,” in the rock of the foot wall of the “stope,” or tunnel, of the mine. One of the
On the morning of the accident, the two miners had for about two hours been at work in this place, using their bars on the hanging wall, or roof, breaking down the “loose” and testing it for safety. Then came four or five timbermen, and also the “hitch cutters.” These timbermen set up the timbers and drive them into
During the time the miners and timbermen were at work with their bars, they had sufficient lights, and during this time Andrews and Trevarrow were present, standing or sitting behind the men who were doing this work, observing all that was done. When they finished, the timbermen pronounced the place safe and went to work. The miners also began to set up their machine to proceed with the drilling. The testimony of Trevarrow is that he and his partner, Andrews, were fully convinced that the place was safe to go to work in, and the head timberman told the “hitch cutters” that they could go to work, everything was safe. They at once began cutting “hitches,” and had worked about one hour, when suddenly a large piece of rock fell down and, rolling, crushed Andrews and injured Trevarrow.
The main contention of defendant is that, under the evidence in the case, a verdict should have been directed in its behalf, for the reason that there was no evidence of defendant’s negligence with respect .to plaintiff’s decedent; and that there was a clear and absolute assumption of risk by plaintiff’s decedent. Errors are also assigned upon the admission of certain testimony, and upon some portions of the charge.
When the case was first before this court, it was reversed only on account of the improper admission of certain testimony, given at the inquest, of the mining captain, Maslin, who had charge of the underground work of this mine, introduced, not for the
“But counsel for plaintiff contend that the place was made dangerous by the excavation’s being worked too far under, and left too long a time, without putting in the sets of stuff timbers, as was usual; that this was done under the direction of Capt. Maslin, who knew that if too great excavation was made, and the timbers not at once placed, the hanging walls, being left exposed, would crumble or break off and fall; that he, knowing this, sent the men in without warning them of the dangerous condition. We think there is some evidence to sustain this -contention. Mr. Par-nail, the superintendent of the mine, testified that ofttimes, when the overhanging wall appeared safe, it would suddenly break off and fall, and this within the space of a few minutes. * * * While the evidence is not very clear upon this question, we are not able to say that there is no evidence of that fact.” Andrews v. Mining Co., 114 Mich., at page 381 (72 N. W. 244).
This conclusion of the court was based entirely upon the testimony of the captain and the superintendent of the mine, who have both died since the former trial, and whose testimony, then taken, was not introduced by either party upon the last trial. Appellant alleges that the case now before the court for consideration is therefore an essentially different one from that which was passed upon on the former hearing, and that, in view of the evidence in this record and the undisputed duties of plaintiff’s decedent which he was employed to perform, there is no evidence in this case of defendant’s negligence. We have already briefly stated these duties in this opinion and
Quoting again from the majority opinion, we find as follows:
“Under the method adopted by the defendant company, these hitch cutters were required in all cases to examine all places where they might go to work, and see and satisfy themselves that such places were safe, before beginning their work, and they were frequently cautioned and warned as to this duty, and that they must never, under any circumstances, work under overhanging ground without first examining it, and being satisfied that it was all right, and, if found dangerous, to make or have it made safe; and they were allowed to take all the time and have all the assistance necessary for that purpose, and they understood and knew that no one would go ahead of them for that purpose, but that that was one of their particular duties.” 114 Mich., at page 382 (72 N. W. 245).
From the minority opinion, Mr. Justice Grant speaking, we quote:
“The situation, in brief, is this: These men were authorized and were expected to judge for themselves as to the safety of the place. They were competent to do so. They had been cautioned against working in dangerous places. They placed no reliance upon the judgment of any other employee, officer, or man, but used their own judgment. They were at liberty to withdraw if they considered the place dangerous. * * * The master in this case had furnished the proper tools and appliances, competent and experienced men, and had instructed them to exercise their own judgment as to the safety of the place, and had authorized them, if in their judgment the place was unsafe, not to go to work, but to take the necessary steps to render the place safe.” 114 Mich., at pages 383, 384 (72 N. W. 245).
The sole ground of negligence relied upon in plaintiff’s declaration is that it did not perform its duty
The first question which arises is whether the doctrine of a safe place, as invoked, is applicable to this case. Under the undisputed evidence in this case, as far as performing his work was concerned, plaintiff’s decedent was engaged in making a safe place, and it is self-evident that it would be an impossibility for the defendant to cause the timbering in this stope to be done in advance for the protection of the men who themselves were specially employed to put in the timbering. The dangers were only those necessarily incident to the employment, changing from hour to hour, as the work progressed, and it is apparent that, by reason of the character of the work and the dangers attending it, miners of extraordinary skill and experience were selected, invested with power and authority to determine for themselves the safety of the place before going to work. This court has held that under circumstances of this character the doctrine of safe place does not apply. Petaja v. Mining Co., 106 Mich. 463 (64 N. W. 335, 66 N. W. 951, 32 L. R. A. 435, 58 Am. St. Rep. 505).
The undisputed testimony of all the witnesses would indicate that for several hours, in the presence of the hitch cutters, these experienced miners and timbermen worked upon this hanging wall with bars, testing and prying down, until everybody was satisfied that the place was safe, including plaintiff’s decedent, who, with his partner, was chief in authority at that work. In the absence of the testimony of the mining superintendent and captain, upon which the opinion of a majority of this court indicated that there was slight evidence of negligence on the part of defendant, it is not necessary to discuss that feature of the case. We are satisfied that there was no evidence in the case of negligence on the part of defendant,
The judgment of the circuit court is therefore reversed, and, it being obvious that no other or different case can be presented, no new trial will be granted.