Anderson v. Assimos

Nov 22, 2002
621A01
Reporters:
, ,
Before:
Per Curiam
PER CURIAM.

The Court of Appeals concluded that Rule 9(j) of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure violates Article I, Section 18 of the North Carolina Constitution and the Equal Protection Clauses of the North Carolina and United States Constitutions. Anderson v. Assimos, 146 N.C. App. 339, 553 S.E.2d 63 (2001).

A constitutional issue not raised at trial will generally not be considered for the first time on ‍​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‍appeal. State v. Nobles, 350 N.C. 483, 495, 515 S.E.2d 885, 893 (1999); Porter v. Suburban Sanitation Serv., Inc., 283 N.C. 479, 490, 196 S.E.2d 760, 767 (1973). Furthermore, the courts of this State will avoid constitutional questions, even if properly presented, where a case may be resolved on other grounds. State v. Crabtree, 286 N.C. 541, 543, 212 S.E.2d 103, 105 (1975); see Rice v. Rigsby, 259 N.C. 506, 512, 131 S.E.2d 469, 473 (1963).

This Court may exercise its supervisory power to consider constitutional questions not properly raised in the trial court, but only in exceptional circumstances. See, e.g., State v. Elam, 302 N.C. 157, 161, 273 S.E.2d 661, 664 (1981); Rice, 259 N.C. at 511-12, 131 S.E.2d at 472-73; see also N.C. R. App. P. 2. Even so, constitutional analysis always requires thorough examination of all relevant facts. State v. Fayetteville St. Christian ‍​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‍Sch., 299 N.C. 351, 359, 261 S.E.2d 908, 914, aff’d per curiam on reh’g, 299 N.C. 731, 265 S.E.2d 387, and appeal dismissed, 449 U.S. 807, 66 L. Ed. 2d 11 (1980). Thus, a constitutional question is addressed “only when the issue is squarely presented upon an adequate factual record and only when resolution of the issue is necessary.” Id. To be properly addressed, a constitutional issue must be “definitely drawn into focus by plaintiff’s pleadings.” Hudson v. Atlantic Coastline R.R. Co., 242 N.C. 650, 667, 89 S.E.2d 441, 453 (1955), cert. denied, 351 U.S. 949, 100 L. Ed. 1473 (1956). If the factual record necessary for a constitutional inquiry is lacking, “an appellate court should be especially mindful of the dangers inherent in the premature exercise of its jurisdiction.” Fayetteville St., 299 N.C. at 358-59, 261 S.E.2d at 913.

Plaintiff’s complaint asserts res ipsa loquitur as the sole basis for the negligence ‍​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‍claim. Because the pertinent allegations have not been -withdrawn or amended, the pleadings have a binding effect as to the underlying theory of plaintiff’s negligence claim. See Davis v. Rigsby, 261 N.C. 684, 686, 136 S.E.2d 33, 34 (1964); Bratton v. Oliver, 141 N.C. App. 121, 125, 539 S.E.2d 40, 43, (2000), disc. rev. denied, 353 N.C. 369, 547 S.E.2d 808 (2001). Moreover, our review of the record shows that at the hearing in this matter plaintiff represented to the trial court that her negligence claim was based solely on res ipsa loquitur. This judicial admission is “binding in every respect.” Estrada v. Burnham, 316 N.C. 318, 324, 341 S.E.2d 538, 543 (1986). Having made this representation, plaintiff cannot now assert a contradictory position, Davis, 261 N.C. at 686, 136 S.E.2d at 34, or “ ‘swap horses between courts in order to get ‍​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‍a better mount,’ ” State v. Sharpe, 344 N.C. 190, 194, 473 S.E.2d 3, 5 (1996) (quoting Weil v. Herring, 207 N.C. 6, 10, 175 S.E. 836, 838 (1934)). Therefore, for purposes of this action, plaintiff’s negligence claim is based solely on res ipsa loquitur.

Res ipsa loquitur claims are normally based on facts that permit an inference of defendant’s negligence. See, e.g., Kekelis v. Whitin Mach. Works, 273 N.C. 439, 443, 160 S.E.2d 320, 322-23 (1968). The certification requirements of Rule 9(j) apply only to medical malpractice cases where the plaintiff seeks to prove that the defendant’s conduct breached the requisite standard of care — not to res ipsa loquitur claims. N.C.G.S. § 1A-1, Rule 9(j) (2001). As plaintiff in this case asserts only a res ipsa loquitur claim, the certification requirements of Rule 9Q) are not implicated. Thus, the Court ‍​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​​​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‍of Appeals erred in addressing the constitutionality of Rule 9(J) under these circumstances.

Accordingly, the decision of the Court of Appeals is vacated to the extent it concluded that Rule 9(j) violates Article I, Section 18 of the North Carolina Constitution and the Equal Protection Clauses of the North Carolina and United States Constitutions, and defendants’ appeal is dismissed.

VACATED IN PART AND APPEAL DISMISSED.