| Ark. | Nov 15, 1884
The complaint stated that the plaintiffs had leased to one Jack Crater, the Pleasants plantation, containing 150 acres, for the year 1881, the rent reserved being $950; that their said tenant sub-let a part of the premises to Richard Crater, and thirty-one acres of the same to the defendants, J. S. Anderson & Co., for $7 per acre; that their said tenant turned out and delivered to them six bales of cotton, of the value of $307.50, in payment of the rent, and they gave directions to him and his sub-lessee, Richard, to haul the cotton over to the defendants’ store, and directions to the defendants not to remove or dispose of the same until further orders; that the said Jack did not deliver to the defendants the cotton as per instructions, but Richard did deliver three bales to them subject to the plaintiff's’ orders, and likewise the defendants received three other bales from one Coil, who cultivated eleven acres of the thirty-one which the defendants had sub-rented from the original lessee; and that the defendants had shipped and sold the six bales and converted the same to their own use.
After a general demurrer to the complaint had been overruled, the defendants answered, denying any agreement with the plaintiffs to hold for their benefit, or that they had received from the plaintiffs any instructions as to the disposition of the cotton; and denying that Richard Crater and Coil had ever delivered any cotton to them for the plaintiffs. They alleged that they had received Richard Crater’s cotton and had paid to the plaintiffs his rent, which amounted to $85. And further, that they had purchased Coil’s cotton, and had paid the rent for the thirty-one acres to Jack Crater, their immediate lessor. And they pleaded that the lien of the plaintiffs as landlords was gone, more than six months having intei’vened between the maturity of the rent and the commencement of the action.
A trial before a jury resulted in a verdict and judgment of $267.62 for the plaintiffs.
The appellee has not favored us with an argument, and we are Imzz^e(^ to know upon what theory the action was prosecuted. The court below and the jury treated it as an action for money had and received for the plaintiffs’ use-against one who had acquired the tenant’s crop, with notice of the landlord’s lien. For the verdict was reached by deducting what the plaintiff's admitted they had received from the amount of rentwhich Jack Crater had agreed to pay. Yet Reavis v. Barnes, 36 Ark., 575, is authority for saying that no such action can be maintained at law. And suit had been in equity, it must have been brought within six months after maturity of the rent. (Gantt’s Digest, section 4098; Valentine v. Hamlett, 35 Ark., 538; King Clopton v. Blount, 37 Ib., 115.) Here the rent fell due on November 15, 1881, and the action was not begun until June 5, 1882. If, therefore, it is to be sustained at all, it must be as an action of trover against a bailee for the-conversion of chattels intrusted to his care. And in this view {¡he complaint is deficient in certainty for not averring that the defendants consented to accept the cotton as bailees, or to act as the plaintiffs’ agents in the premises.
In 1 Chitty’s PL, 11th Am. cd., *384, the law is thus stated : “ In an action on the case, founded on an express or.implied contract, as against an attorney, agent, carrier, inn keeper or other bailee, for negligence, etc., the declaration must correctly state the contract, or the particular duty or consideration from which the liability results, and on which it is founded; and a variance in the description of a contract, though in an action ex dedicto, may be as fatal as in an action in form ex contracta. The declaration in such case usually begins with a statement of the particular profession or situation of the defendant and his retainer, and consequent duty or liability. The declaration will be defective if it do not show that by express contract, or by implication of law in respect to the defendant’s particular character or situation, etc., stated by the plaintiff, the defendant was bound to do or omit the act in reference to-which he is charged.”
But since the introduction of the Code, pleadings have lost somewhat in precision. And we should not be in a hurry to reverse a judgment, if it can be upheld upon any theory consistent with the pleadings and proofs. Considering this as a cause of action defectively stated, and that the plaintiffs meant to declare in trover against the defendants as depositaries of the cotton, is the verdict supported by the testimony? To succeed in trover the plaintiff must prove property m himself and a right of possession at the time of the conversion. 2 Gr. Ed., sec. 636.
Now, a landlord has only a lien upon the crop raised upon the demised premises — no title to the crop itself, or any portion of it. (Upham v. Dodd, 24 Ark., 545; Bell v. Matheny, 36 Ib., 572.) And the only way in which he can acquire title is by a purchase and delivery to him.
Now, the evidence conclusively shows that the rent for that portion of the land cultivated by Richard Crater was $85, and that the same was paid to the plaintiffs by the-defendants. Consequently the plaintiffs have no just demand against the defendants for any of Richard’s cotton that came to their hands. And of Coil’s cotton the plaintiffs never were in possession, nor had any title thereto, or right of possession by virtue of any arrangement with him, or with the defendants, or with Jack Crater. Nor is it shown that any cotton was ever in fact delivered to the defendants for the plaintiffs.
The result is that the evidence is not sufficient to sustain the verdict. And this was one of the assignments in the motion for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded for a trial de novo, with leave to the parties to reform their pleadings, if they shall be so advised.