33 Kan. 100 | Kan. | 1885
The opinion of the court was delivered by
This action was commenced in the district court of Morris county, by the Exchange bank of Ma-quoketa, Iowa, against W. H. Amsbaugh, of Dunlap, Kansas, to recover the amount of two certain judgments rendered against the defendant in the circuit court of Jackson county, Iowa. The defendant set up the defense that these judgments were rendered without any notice to him, without any appearance on his part, and, indeed, without any jurisdiction whatever as to him personally; and therefore he claims that said judgments are void. The case was tried by the court below without a jury, and the court made special findings of fact and conclusions of law, and rendered judgment in favor of the plaintiff and against the defendant for the amount of the judgments. The defendant brings the case to this court for review.
It appears from the special findings of fact that on November 4, 1878, and prior thereto, the defendant, with his wife, resided in the city of Maquoketa, in Jackson county, Iowa; that on that day he left the state of Iowa, intending to make Texas or Kansas his home and never to return to Iowa; and he finally, and on April 5, 1879, settled at Dunlap, Morris county, Kansas, and has never returned to Iowa. When he left Iowa, be left his wife residing in Maquoketa, in the same
The question now arises, are these judgments such personal judgments against the defendant that they may be enforced against him personally by an ordinary action upon them outside of the jurisdiction in which they were rendered, and in Kansas? Several days prior to the commencement of these
It is admitted that the service was made by delivering copies to the defendant’s wife; but it is denied by the defendant that the place where the notices were served, and where he had formerly lived, was at the time of the service his “ usual place of residence,” or his place of residence at all. ■ We suppose that a resident of a state, intending to leave it permanently, will nevertheless continue to be a resident of the state, at least for some purposes, until he passes beyond the boundaries of the state; (Ballinger v. Lantier, 15 Kas. 608;) though it is held in "Virginia that such a person would become a non-resident of the state as soon as he started to remove therefrom. (Clark v. Ward, 12 Gratt. 440.) And in Iowa it is held that a resident of a. state intending to remove from one county therein to another county therein, would be- • come a non-resident of the state as soon as he passed from the
But it is claimed by the plaintiff that the defendant’s wife still resided in Iowa when these notices were served, and therefore that his residence must be deemed to have been there also. Now a wife’s residence or domicile never controls or fixes her husband’s residence or domicile; but, on the contrary, her residence or domicile generally follows that of her husband. (Davis v. Davis, 30 Ill. 180; Cambridge v. Charlestown, 13 Mass. 501; Greene v. Greene, 28 id. 410; Hackettstown Bank v. Mitchell, 28 N. J. L. 516; Pearce v. The State, 1 Sneed, 63; McAfee v. Kentucky University, 7 Bush, 135; Hart v. Horn, 4 Kas. 232.) The husband’s residence is where he himself resides, and not necessarily where his wife resides, or where he does not in fact reside. (See authorities last cited.)
But probably neither the residence of the husband nor that of the wife could be so controlled by the place of residence of the other that a good service of summons could be made upon one of them by leaving a copy of the summons at the place of residence of the other, when the one intended to be served did not in fact reside at such place. A husband and wife may in fact have different places of residence, or one or both may in fact not have any such actual and particular place of residence as would authorize the service of a summons upon him or her at such place of residence, without any actual delivery of the summons, or a copy thereof, to the party intended to be served; and whatever may be the rule with respect to domicile, a person may, and often does, lose one
But would the service of the notices in this case be sufficient as a personal service upon the defendant, even if the house in Iowa, where he formerly resided, were still his “ usual place of residence”? Would the service be such & personal service upon him that it would bind him personally in other jurisdictions outside of the state of Iowa? How could such a service reach over into Kansas and affect the party or his property in Kansas? A state may have complete power and jurisdiction over all persons and things within its boundaries, but it cannot reach beyond its boundaries, and into other jurisdictions, and there affect the status of persons or things. Neither the laws of a state, nor the jurisdiction thereof, nor any of its judicial processes, can reach beyond its boundaries or have any extra-territorial force or operation. And the judicial determinations of a state can have force and operation in another state, only so far as the court promulgating such determinations has jurisdiction over the persons or things to be affected by such determinations. Any determination without jurisdiction is void; and any determination in excess of jurisdiction is also void to the extent of the excess; and a judgment rendered in one state without jurisdiction, or in excess of jurisdiction, may be impeached collaterally, or otherwise, in another state, and upon extrinsic evidence, as well as upon the record of the judgment. (Litowich v. Litowich, 19 Kas. 451, 455; Mastin v. Gray, 19 id. 458, 562; Brinkman v. Shaffer, 23 id. 528; McNeill v. Edie, 24 id. 108. See also Earle v. McVeigh, 91 U. S. 503; Windsor v. McVeigh, 93 id. 274; Hart v. Sansom, 110 id. 152; same case, 29 Albany L. J. 152.) In this state a domestic judgment may be impeached for want of jurisdiction, collaterally as well as directly, and by extrinsic evidence as well as intrinsic evidence. (Mastin v. Gray, 19 Kas. 458.) In this particular case some of the evidence is extrinsic and some of it is intrinsic; some of it is by the record, and some of it
The judgment of the court below will be reversed, and the cause remanded with the order that judgment be rendered in favor of the defendant below, and against the plaintiff below.