29 Mich. 298 | Mich. | 1874
This was an action of ejectment brought by Hibbard against the plaintiffs in error, in the circuit court for the county of Ionia, to recover a small lot in the village of Ionia. The defendants below set up in defense on the trial the claim of a homestead right in said premises. The circuit judge upon the trial before himself without a jury, found and decided against the claim.
The following is his finding of facts and law:
“From the testimony in this case I find the facts to be as follows, to wit: August 29, 1867, John W. Amphlett and Moses H. Amphlett were tenants in common, each holding and owning an undivided half of lands in question. Upon that day, John Yf. and wife, by warranty conveyed his undivided half to Moses H. To secure purchase money, Moses H. gave to John W., the same day, a mortgage upon the entire property. The defendant Amanda E. did not join in said mortgage.
“ Second. Subsequently said mortgage was foreclosed in chancery, sold by circuit court commissioner, and bid off by, and deed given to plaintiff, for four thousand two hundred dollars, leaving a surplus in the hands of the commissioner of .nine hundred and twenty-seven dollars and sixty-four cents. The said Amanda E. was not a party to the foreclosure.
“ Third. At the date of said mortgage, and from April, 1866, previous, said Moses H. and wife xVmanda E., and family, had occupied a portion of said premises as a home, and have ever since, and now occupy.
“ Fourth. At the date of said mortgage, there was a two-:story building upon the premises, twenty-four by seventy feet. In the rear and attached thereto, was an addition or •leanto, fourteen by twenty-four feet. The first story was occupied as a crockery store by said John W. and Moses H. The second story was occupied by Moses H. and family, as stated in No. three. The leanto was used partly by
“Fifth. An abstract of title to the lands described in the declaration is hereto attached and marked “A,” said abstract being a statement of the conveyances of the land in question from 1864 until 1873, inclusive, and have the same effect as proof as though the original conveyances were put in evidence, and the facts found accordingly.
“ Sixth. A few days before commencement of this suit, defendant Amanda E. stated to plaintiff that she claimed an interest in the premises.
“ Seventh. The foreclosure proceedings were regular.
“ Upon the facts as stated the defendants claim a homestead in the premises, described in the plaintiff's declaration. The constitution has only exempted a homestead as an entirety, not a part of, or an undivided interest in a homestead. Judgment for the plaintiff and against defendant, and with costs.
(Signed.) “Louis S. Lovell,
“ Circuit Judge.”
The judge was clearly right in holding that “the constitutionhas exempted a homestead only as an entirety, not a part of, or an undivided interest in a homestead.” And I am inclined to think that the same is true of the statutes of 1848 and 1861 (Cotnp. L. §§ 6187-614-5), and that without further legislation there is no practical mode of working out and securing any homestead in an undivided half, more especially when the claim of a homestead is set up to the upper story only, of a building owned in common with an
From the bill of exceptions it appears that the abstract referred to in the finding was introduced in evidence by consent of the respective parties, to stand in the place of the original conveyances and to have the same effect as evidence; the counsel for the defendant objecting to the abstract so far only as it showed a conveyance of an undivided half of said lands from the defendants Moses H. Amphlett and wife to Joseph W. Amphlett, dated June 13, 1870, recorded the same day, this being the only objection to the admission of evidence, and there being no complaint that any evidence was improperly rejected.
The errors assigned are: First, That the circuit judge erred in admitting the abstract of the deed from Moses H. Amphlett and wife to Joseph W. Amphlett, dated June 13, 1870;
Second. In deciding that the plaintiffs in error were not entitled to homestead rights in said premises; and (which is the same in substance)
Third. That the facts found do not support the judgment. •
The first error ¿ssigned is very clearly untenable, and was not specially relied upon on the argument. The deed executed by the defendants below, to Joseph W. Amphlett, after the time when they claim their homestead right attached, had a direct and very material bearing upon the question of their homestead rights.
Under the second and third assignments of error, various points were relied upon which it is difficult to see the pertinency, of under the facts appearing in the case.
It seems to be admitted that the mortgage of the undivided half of the premises, under the foreclosure of which the plaintiff below claimed title, being for purchase money, was a valid security upon that half of the property, though the wife did not join, and that it would take precedence of any homestead right in that half; and this is unquestion
As to the other undivided half, the force of the objection, whatever it might otherwise have been, is taken away, and all the other questions raised upon the argument rendered immaterial, by the state of the title, and especially the conveyance made by the plaintiffs in error, after their homestead rights, if any ever existed, had attached.
On the 29th of August, 1867, John W. conveyed to Mbses H. his undivided half of 'the premises, and took back the purchase money mortgage described’ above, by which Moses H. became the owner of the whole, subject to that mortgage, and if he had continued so down to the time of the ejectment suit, or the trial of it, the question of parties as to the other half, and several of the other questions-sought to be raised, might have become material. But as appears by the abstract, which is a part of the finding of facts, Moses H. Amphlett and wife, the plaintiffs in error (now claiming the homestead), by a warranty deed dated June 13th, 1870, conveyed to Joseph W. Amphlett the undivided half of all the land, and (there being no reservation) of the building also; and this was the position of the title at the time of the trial, so that this undivided half was not then owned by the plaintiffs in error, or either of them, and the wife as well as the husband had relinquished whatever homestead right they might otherwise have claimed in that half, and could set up no such homestead right to it; the constitution as well as the statute requiring the homestead to be owned as well as occupied by the claimants to bring it within the exemption.
If this conveyance made by the plaintiffs in error to Joseph W. Amphlett, of June 13th, 1870, had been confined specifically to the particular half bought of said Joseph W. at the date of the mortgage, this would leave Moses H. the-owner of the other half, which he had previously owned and upon which the mortgage did not operate as a purchase money mortgage, and could not therefore cut off any homestead right they might have had in the latter half, not being signed by the wife. But if this conveyance of
As the claim to a homestead right was set up by plaintiffs in error in defense to an action of ejectment, in a case where the plaintiff’s righ t of recovery was clear unless such homestead right were shown, the burden of proof rested upon them to prove the facts necessary to establish the right; and if they claimed a subsisting homestead right in one-half the land, after their conveyance of one-half, the burden of proof, under the circumstances of this case, was upon them to show which half was conveyed by their deed of June 13th, 1870, and that it did not include the half upon which the mortgage did not operate as one for purchase money, — in other words, that Moses H. still retained the half in which the homestead right was not affected by the mortgage. In the absence of any evidence to show that one or the other of these specific halves was conveyed by their deed, they could not, I think, be entitled to elect which half should pass, or should have previously 'passed by their conveyance. If there were any sueh right of election, it would belong to their grantee, and not to them; and, being derived through distinct titles, the right of election might be of considerable value to the grantee, and it is to be presumed he would elect the half having the better title, since, as between him and the grantors, he had a right to one half having a good title.
And the mortgage being thus void in its inception as to that interest, would not be made valid by their subsequent conveyance, though the property should cease to be a homestead.
We think, therefore, the plaintiffs in error have failed to show any homestead rights in the premises; and the judgment of the circuit court,must be affirmed, with costs.