717 F.2d 1189 | 8th Cir. | 1983
AMERICAN STATES INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellant,
v.
SOUTHWEST AIRCRAFT LEASING INC., a corporation, and Barbee
Lee Bellows, personal representative of the estate
of Howard A. Bellows, deceased, and the
United States of America, Appellees.
No. 82-2438-MN.
United States Court of Appeals,
Eighth Circuit.
Argued June 14, 1983.
Decided Sept. 14, 1983.
Dean K. Johnson, Dean K. Johnson Law Offices, Bloomington, Minn., for appellant.
J. Paul McGrath, Asst. Atty. Gen., Washington, D.C., John M. Lee, Asst. U.S. Atty., Minneapolis, Minn., Gary W. Allen, Asst. Director, Torts Branch, Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for appellees.
Before LAY, Chief Judge, SWYGERT, Senior Circuit Judge,1 and ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.
PER CURIAM.
On July 12, 1978 an airplane piloted by Howard Bellows crashed near Faribault, Minnesota, after flying into an area of heavy thunderstorms. The pilot and five passengers were killed in the crash. At the time of the accident the aircraft was being leased to Ranenhorst, Bellows & Associates, Inc., a Minnesota agricultural business concern, by Southwest Aircraft Leasing, Inc. ("Southwest"). American States Insurance Company ("American States") had issued Southwest a policy of insurance covering liabilities for personal injury and property damage from use of the aircraft. Following the accident Southwest attempted to recover under the policy. American States denied coverage, claiming that Bellows's lack of a current medical certificate served to negate coverage under exclusions contained in the policy.
American States initiated this declaratory judgment action against Southwest and the United States2 seeking a determination as to its obligation to provide liability coverage to Southwest for the government's counterclaim.
American States contended in the district court that although Bellows possessed a valid pilot's certificate, his failure to renew his medical certificate (which had expired approximately six months before the accident) excluded the airplane from coverage under the express provisions of the policy. The district court disagreed, holding that the language of the American States insurance policy did not incorporate the medical certificate requirement into its exclusionary clause, and that, regardless of the language of the policy, American States is prohibited, under Minnesota Statute Section 60 A.081, from declining coverage on the basis of an expired medical certificate. We conclude that the district court did not err in its analysis of the insurance policy exclusions and we affirm on that basis.
The policy provisions at issue are, in pertinent part, as follows:
Exclusion No. 2:
This policy does not apply ...
2. to any occurrence or to any loss or damage occurring when the aircraft is operated in flight by other than the pilot or pilots set forth under Item 7 of the Declarations;
Declaration No. 7:
Pilot Clause. Only the following pilot or pilots holding valid and effective pilot and medical certificates with ratings as required by the Federal Aviation Administration for the flight involved will operate the aircraft in flight: See Endorsement No. 2.
Endorsement No. 2 provides, in pertinent part:
In consideration of the premium charged, it is agreed that the typewritten portion of Item No. 7 of the Declarations shall read as follows: Howard A. Bellows provided he has a current private or commercial certificate with a multiengine rating and a minimum of 2800 logged pilot hours of which at least 1,550 hours have been in multiengine aircraft ....
Exclusion No. 2 does not mention the requirement of a medical certificate, stating rather that the policy does not apply when the plan is operated "by other than" the "pilot or pilots" named in Item 7 of the Declarations. Item 7, in turn, identifies Howard A. Bellows, "provided " he has fulfilled the enumerated experience requisites.
We agree with the district court, and other courts, construing nearly identical provisions that the exclusion fails expressly to incorporate the medical certificate language of Declaration No. 7, see, e.g., Ranger Insurance Co. v. Culberson, 454 F.2d 857, 866 (5th Cir.1972); National Indemnity Co. v. Demanes, 86 Cal.App.3d 155, 150 Cal.Rptr. 117 (1978), and therefore cannot serve to suspend coverage under the terms of the policy. It is settled that a policy of insurance is construed liberally in favor of the insured and every reasonable doubt as to the meaning of the language used resolved in his favor. Weum v. Mutual Benefit Health, 237 Minn. 89, 54 N.W.2d 20 (1952); Farmers Home Mutual Ins. Co. v. Lill, Minn., 332 N.W.2d 635 (1983). Exclusion No. 2 refers to the identification of pilots. Had the lack of a medical certificate been intended to suspend coverage, we assume it would have appeared in the exclusion clause.
American States argues that the "reasonably literate person" would read the policy as follows:
Exclusion 2 is activated only when the aircraft is flown by a pilot not among the group of four identified in the Pilot Clause but if the pilot is someone among the group of four, the promises made concerning them nevertheless be kept.
We agree this could be a reasonable interpretation of the policy, but we also believe the government's interpretation reasonable, and "if there is a competing reasonable interpretation, there is ambiguity and the insurer's reading must give way to the insured's." Lill, supra, 332 N.W.2d at 637.
Given our holding that the district court's construction of the policy was not erroneous, we do not reach the question of whether such an exclusion would have been precluded under Minn.St. Sec. 60A.081.
The judgment of the district court is affirmed. Circuit Rule 14 shall apply.
The Honorable Luther M. Swygert, Senior Circuit Judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
The United States was a defendant in actions brought by the estates of the pilot and passengers, Southwest, and American States for wrongful death and property damages under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1346(b). The government settled the pilot and passenger cases and counterclaimed against Southwest to recover by contribution or indemnity a portion of the amounts which it had paid in settlement
