American Mutual Aid Society v. Bronger, 91 Ky. 406

91 Ky. 406 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1891

JUDGE PRYOR

dkmybrer th® opinion o® the court.

This case involves a question of law and one of fact. It was heard by the court without the intervention of a jury. The insured made application to the appellant to have his life insured for the benefit of the appellee. The appellant is a mutual aid society. In answer to the question, “Have you made application for insurance in any other company,” the insured responded, “No.” An application had been made to another company, and the insured or his application refused. The examining physician discovered, as he thought, some trouble with his heart The examining physician for the appellant made the same discovery, but, upon a more thorough examination, became convinced that he was all right. A second physician examined him, and concurred in his views with the regular examining physican.

Not long after the insurance had been effected the insured committed suicide, and there is no pretense that his heart was the cause of his mental trouble, or that he had any other physical disease.

The court held as a matter of law, separating his findings of law from those of fact, that the failure to answer the question as to his prior application for insurance correctly was not a material representation, as it would not have affected the application made to the appellant, because the latter had the same knowledge in reference to his heart trouble that the physician had who first examined the insured. Whether tids was a correct exposition of the law on the. facts it is not necessary to decide, as there was no exception to the findings of law.

Section 382 of the Code provides: “Upon trials of question of fact by the court, it shall not be necessary for the court to state its finding, except generally for the plaintiff or defendant, unless one of the parties request it, with a view of excepting to the decision of the court upon the question of law involved in the trial, in which case the court shall state in writing the conclusions of fact found, separately from the conclusions of law.” This court has not passed directly upon the question of practice, but the Superior Court has held in several cases that it is as much necessary to except to the finding of law by the court, so as to raise the question in an appellate court, as in a case when a jury is passing on the facts under findings of law made by the court; that in the admission or rejection of testimony, or the determination of any legal question during the progress of the case, the exception must be reserved at the time.

It is too late after judgment to raise the question by a motion for a new trial. If otherwise, it then becomes unnecessary to except at all until the judgment is rendered. The court would have told the jury that the answer to the question propounded was not material, and an exception must be made in such a case to be available in this court. It may be argued that the counsel may not know how the court will interpret the law until final judgment, and this may be so; still an exception to the judgment would not raise the question, and, therefore, when separating the one finding from the other in a case where the court reserves a decision of the legal question until he is ready to pronounce judgment, the exception should be entered to the finding, if desired, by either party ; but it seldom occurs, when the trial judge is hearing both questions of law and fact, that he fails to ■decide the legal question before pronouncing judgment.

There is no necessity of separating the findings but to enable a party to except, and if a motion for 'a new trial raises the question, it is then not necessary to except. The court below held, as a matter of law, that the burden was on the defendant to show something more than that the answer complained of was false, and to this finding there should have been an exception.

This ruling makes the practice in both courts uniform, and we think carries out the provision of the Code on this subject. Other States have similar provisions in their Codes of Practice, and construe them in the same manner. In Peden’s Adm’r v. King, 30 Ind., 181, it is said: “To prepare a case for the Supreme Court under section 341 of the Code, the court below should first state the facts in writing, and then the conclusions of law upon them, to which the party aggrieved should except. The questions of law are not saved by a motion for a new trial.” In Chatterton v. Parrott, 46 Mich, 432, the court held an exception to the judgment was unavailing. “Had there been findings, an exception that they did not support the judgment might have been considered.” In Gilman v. Theiss, 18 Wis., 554: “In cases tried by the court where there are several facts found or conclusions of law stated, the exception should show to which one of them objection was made.” In Smith v. Davidson, 45 Ind., 396, the court, in alluding to this question of practice, said: “The only way to do that is to except to the conclusions of law. It is not enough to except to the finding generally. Nor can the question be saved by a motion for a new trial.”

Decisions of a similar character will be found in other States, and it appears that the purpose of this provision of our Code was to enable a party to except to the legal finding in the same manner that he would except where an instruction had been given the jury.

Upon the question of fact as to the fraud, we concur with the opinion of. the court below, and must, therefore, affirm the judgment. The opinion of the Superior Court seems not to have discussed this question, and whether or not the point was raised in that court, we are unable to say.