Amanda Elizabeth Schwendt
FINDINGS OF FACT, CONCLUSIONS OF LAW, AND ORDER GRANTING UNITED STATES TRUSTEE‘S CONSENT [SIC] MOTION TO DISMISS CHAPTER 7 CASE PURSUANT TO 11 U.S.C. § 707(b)(1) AND (b)(3) (ECF No. 18)
THIS CASE came before the Court for final evidentiary hearing on January 14, 2025, on the United States Trustee‘s Consent [sic] Motion to Dismiss Chapter 7 Case Pursuant to
Having considered the Motion to Dismiss, Debtor‘s Response,1 the
The Court has jurisdiction under
Factual Background.
Debtor filed her Chapter 7 Petition on October 14, 2024.3 On her Petition Debtor stated that she did not believe funds would be available to distribute to unsecured creditors.4 In her Schedules I and J, Debtor swore that she was unemployed and reported negative monthly net disposable income of $390.50.5 At the 341 meeting of creditors on November 12, 2024, in answer to questions by the Chapter 7 Trustee
Debtor received an offer of employment from Pinnacle Technical Resources, Inc. one (1) week before she filed her Chapter 7 Petition.10 This offer, on a document dated October 7, 2024, with the letterhead “Pinnacle Group Workforce Solutions Provider,” was admitted in evidence at the hearing.11 The Pinnacle Letter offers Debtor the position of “PRGC Project Manager, with Pinnacle Technical Resources, Inc.,” with a “tentative start date” of October 16, 2024, and pay at $60.00 per
Debtor testified at the evidentiary hearing that the offer was conditioned upon a credit check and background investigation. This testimony does not match the conditions in the Pinnacle Letter or the attached “Terms of Employment.”13 Neither of those documents mention a credit check. The Terms of Employment mandates Debtor to cooperate fully only with drug screens or “background checks.”14
Debtor claims she filed bankruptcy because her spouse was declared 100% disabled around 2022 and because Debtor had an unexpected job loss in January of 2024.15 According to Debtor, after that job loss she conducted a diligent search for employment that yielded no results for six (6) months.16 Debtor also represents that because of her spouse‘s disabilities, she and her spouse made modifications to their homestead. Those modifications cost money.17
The Parties’ Arguments.
The U.S. Trustee asserts that under the totality of the circumstances, permitting Debtor to obtain a Chapter 7 discharge would be an abuse of the provisions of Chapter 7. This argument is primarily based on the fact that with the income from her job, Debtor can repay all of her unsecured creditors under a thirty-six (36) month Chapter 13 plan.
Debtor does not deny her current income or her income-producing ability. Rather, Debtor urges that she should be entitled to a Chapter 7 discharge because her job is not guaranteed and she suffered hardships pre-petition that led to her filing.
Analysis.
Dismissal of a case under Chapter 7 is governed by
After notice and a hearing, the court, on its own motion or on a motion by the United States trustee, . . . may dismiss a case filed by an individual debtor under this chapter whose debts are primarily consumer debts . . . if it finds that the granting of relief would be an abuse of the provisions of this chapter.24
In the instant case, it is undisputed that Ms. Schwendt‘s debts are primarily consumer debts.25 For that reason, the Court is first to evaluate whether the bankruptcy filing is abusive under the “objective means-test prescribed in
Section
In assessing the totality of the circumstances under
Numerous courts considering whether a case should be dismissed as a “substantial abuse” under pre-BAPCPA
In one such case, In re Henebury, the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Florida dismissed the case under
In considering a debtor‘s net disposable income and ability to pay creditors as part of the totality of the circumstances analysis under
(1) whether unforeseen or catastrophic events such as sudden illness, disability, or unemployment propelled the debtor into bankruptcy; (2) whether the debtor‘s standard of living has substantially improved as a result of the bankruptcy filing or essentially remained the same; (3) the debtor‘s age, health, dependents, and other family responsibilities; (4) the debtor‘s eligibility for Chapter 13 relief and whether creditors would receive a meaningful distribution in a Chapter 13 case; (5) the age of the debts for which the debtor seeks a discharge and the period over which they were incurred; (6) whether the debtor incurred cash advances and made consumer purchases far in excess of the ability to repay; (7) whether the debtor
made any payments toward the debts or attempted to negotiate with her creditors; (8) the accuracy of the debtor‘s schedules and statement of current income and expenses; (9) whether the debtor filed the petition in good faith; (10) employment stability; (11) retirement plan contributions and the debtor‘s age; (12) whether living expenses can be reduced without depriving the debtor or his dependents of adequate food, clothing, shelter, and other necessities; and (13) the availability of non-bankruptcy remedies including state law relief, private negotiations, and good, old-fashioned belt tightening.43
Here, Debtor urges that other factors should outweigh her current income and ability to pay her creditors. Debtor places special emphasis on her job loss in January of 2024 that took several months from which to recover, and her spouse‘s disability. Debtor also emphasized during testimony that her current position does not provide medical, health, or disability benefits, and that her job is not necessarily guaranteed. But those factors do not outweigh the fact that Debtor can pay 100% of her unsecured debt over thirty-six (36) months in a Chapter 13.
No other factors in this case outweigh Debtor‘s income and ability to pay creditors. There is no evidence of any catastrophic debt that may have triggered the need for Chapter 7 relief, even taking as true that
Debtor is only forty-four (44) years of age and appears in good health. Clearly, no health issues are preventing Debtor from earning a very good living.44 The evidence shows that Debtor‘s standard of living will dramatically improve as a result of filing this case, with her current income and if she receives a Chapter 7 discharge.
The Court concedes that Debtor‘s situation is not ideal. The Court is not unsympathetic to challenges that likely accompany Debtor‘s spouse‘s disability. Yet Debtor‘s testimony on material issues was not completely accurate or credible.
Debtor‘s Schedules contain some inaccuracies. A debtor‘s schedule of monthly expenses may include “the total of all amounts scheduled as contractually due to secured creditors in each month of the 60 months following the date of the filing of the petition.”45 Debtor lists two car payments on her Schedule J: one for $998.00 and another for $869.00 per month.46 On her Statement of Intentions filed with her Petition, Debtor stated she intended to surrender a 2023 GMC Terrain.47 Yet Debtor knew
Some of Debtor‘s testimony did not ring true. Although Debtor may be the primary care giver for her disabled spouse and their daughter, Debtor‘s claim that she bears the sole burden of providing for her family is simply not accurate. Debtor‘s Schedule I and the Joint Statement of Undisputed Facts show that Debtor‘s spouse is capable of contributing,
Other discrepancies cause the Court to question Debtor‘s veracity. For example, whether or how much Debtor paid her attorney for filing this case is at best unclear. If Debtor‘s Counsel‘s Disclosure of Compensation is correct, Debtor‘s attorney agreed to accept $2,500 for legal services, but Debtor had not paid any of that sum as of the Petition date.52
Perhaps most significantly, it appears that Debtor strategically filed her petition two (2) days before the official start date of the job she was offered one (1) week pre-petition. The totality of the facts and circumstances show that Debtor filed this case knowing, albeit perhaps not with 100% certainty, that she would begin making good money on October 16, 2024. Debtor does not dispute that the amount of money she began making two days after she filed this case can enable her to pay 100% of her debt over three years under a Chapter 13 plan, not including her spouse‘s Social Security or VA Disability income.
CONCLUSION
With her current income, Debtor can provide unsecured creditors with a meaningful distribution. Debtor received her job offer just before, and began earning $60.00 per hour only two (2) days after, filing her Chapter 7 Petition. The U.S. Trustee has demonstrated by a preponderance of the evidence that permitting Debtor to remain in Chapter 7 and obtain a discharge would be an abuse. No other factors mitigate against dismissal. For the reasons stated, it is:
ORDERED:
- The United States Trustee‘s Consent [sic] Motion to Dismiss Chapter 7 Case Pursuant to
11 U.S.C. § 707(b)(1) and(b)(3) (ECF No. 18) is GRANTED, unless Debtor voluntarily elects to convert her case to Chapter 13 within fourteen (14) days of entry of this Order. - If Debtor does not voluntarily convert this case to Chapter 13 as set forth in this Order, the U.S. Trustee shall submit a proposed order dismissing this case.
DONE and ORDERED on April 11, 2025.
KAREN K. SPECIE
Chief U.S. Bankruptcy Judge
cc: All parties in interest.
Notes
Answer: (Debtor) “It was, I turned it in because it was not working . . . .”
Question: “And when did you turn that vehicle in?”
Answer: “I want to say at the end of August, I am not 100% sure; . . . .”
Question: “Just so I am clear on your testimony, you turned the vehicle in August 2024?”
Answer: “Yes sir.”
Question: “Prior to filing your bankruptcy case?”
Answer: “Yes sir.”
Question: “So, at the time you filed, you weren‘t, which payment was that? The 998 or the 869?”
Answer: “The 869.”
Question: “So, when you filed your bankruptcy case you were no longer making that payment?”
Answer: “No sir, I stopped making that payment I think in July.”
Testimony of Amanda Elizabeth Schwendt, Debtor, Final Evidentiary Hearing on Motion to Dismiss, Tallahassee, FL, In re Schwendt, No. 24-30840-KKS (Bankr. N.D. Fla. Jan. 14, 2025), at 2:36:50–2:38:16 (recording on file with the Court; official transcript can be ordered through the Court‘s website).